Category Archives: International Journal of Sciences and Advanced Innovative Research 2018

IMPACT OF CULTURAL CHANGES ON TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE: A STUDY OF GBAGYI SETTLEMENT (Gidan mangoro), MINNA, NIGER STATE

Odaudu, Ugbede Sunday & Musa Shehu Gajale

Department of Architecture

Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria

Email: arcodauduugbede@yahoo.com; musashehugajale@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The problem Nigerian Traditional Architecture is facing is the cultural changes. Cultural changes refer to the major and subtle changes that occur within a society. Culture has to do with the beliefs of the people, which may be tangible or intangible. Culture and human development are actively related. The way of life of building occupants and the way they use their shelters is of great influence on building forms. The aim of this research work is to assess the impact of cultural changes on traditional architecture. Interviews were conducted with some inhabitants of the study area. Facts were collected from 80 households using systematic random sampling method that took into consideration the population. Results showed that cultural changes has negatively affected Nigeria traditional architecture and suggested that the development and proper placement of high standard maintenance of culture in all levels of government across the federation is required for realistic progress and also, the researchers should be encouraged to dig deep into the details of the historical past to unravel the significance of such past cultures to our present needs through adequate finding.

Keywords: Cultural Changes, Impact, Nigeria, Traditional Architecture.

THE INVESTIGATION OF HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF Clarias gariepinus (AFRICAN CATFISH) EXPOSED TO KEROSENE

Nwakanma, C. & Nwoko, C. N.

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria

Email: dr.nwakanmac@gmail.com

Corresponding author: Nwakanma, C.

ABSTRACT

Juveniles of the African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus were exposed to refined petroleum product {kerosene (0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%)} in replicate for in situ static bioassay studies. Twelve (12) aquaria glass tanks was also used for the study. The test organisms were acclimatized in the laboratory for two weeks (14 days) in the glass aquaria to laboratory conditions. The blood samples was analyzed for Erythrocyte count, Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) was determined, haemoglobin content and haematocrit value or packed cell volume (PCV) was expressed as % of total volume white blood cell count was calculated using recommended standards. The acute exposure of Clarias gariepinus to kerosene exhibited a wide range of behavioral responses. These include pronounced gasping for breath, erratic swimming behavior uncoordinated movement, Inverted positioning and occasional darting up and down the water column. On the basis of 96hrs LC₅₀ values, kerosene was more toxic to the juvenile of Clarias gariepinus. The toxicity factor calculated indicated that kerosene was toxic to Clarias gariepinus at 1.0%. The PCV, Hb and WBC content of toxicant exposed fish groups showed a progressive fall (23.40±0.00 to 19.00±0.00), (7.70±0.14 to 6.5±0.71) and (21.93±0.00 to 19.82±0.28) respectively while MCH and MCV showed a progressive rise (19.80±0.00 to 20.13±0.00) and (59.29±0.14 to 60.40±0.00) respectively. MCHC showed decrease at increase concentration of the toxicant from (33.33±0.00) at 0.2%) of toxicant to 31.57± 0.00 at 1.0% concentration of the toxicant. The physico-chemical parameters at the different concentration of the toxicant showed significant differences from that of the control (p<0.05).

Keywords: Haematology, Clarias gariepinus, refined kerosene, Bioassay, Toxicology

AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF GREEN TEA ON POTASSIUM BROMATE INDUCED PANCREATIC DAMAGE OF ADULT WISTAR RATS

Okafor I.J & Elemuo C.O

Department of Anatomy

Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria

Email: stanleyelemuo@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Bromate is a byproduct of ozonation process that is sometimes used for the disinfection of municipal drinking water. Potassium bromated is metabolized into harmful substances within different organs, and generally target those specific places once produced. This led to the study of its effects on the pancreas following oral administration of honey. Twenty wistar rat weighing averagely 150g were divided into four groups (n=5). Group A served as the control group while groups (B, C, D) were the experimental groups which received potassium bromate only, group C received green tea extract only while group D received green tea extract and potassium bromate all using orogastric tube, usually between the hour of 9am to 10am at concentration of 1.0ml for green tea extract and 0.7ml for potassium bromate. The result of the study showed acute inflammation of the islet of Langerhans with few regeneration pancreatic tissue in the honey treated group.

Keywords: potassium bromate, pancreas, honey.

LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF HIGHER ORDER INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS

Adebisi A. Ibrahim¹ & Rebecca O. Osinowo^1,

¹Department of Mathematical Sciences

Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu

Email: adebisiibrahim97@gmail.comCorresponding author: Adebisi A. Ibrahim

ABSTRACT

This paper considers the derivation of higher order Laplace transforms. The derivations were obtained from lesser orders and progressively to the sixth order and then generalized. The higher order derivations were then used in the solution of higher order initial value problems (IVP) of orders three to six to illustrate the robustness of Laplace transform solution of ODEs. The solutions were consistent with the given equations which show that the method is valid for higher order IVPs.

Key Words: Laplace Transform, Ordinary Differential Equations, Initial Value Problems

INVESTIGATION OF SUBSURFACE LITHOLOGY AND AQUIFER POTENTIALS IN AKWA IBOM STATE POLYTECHNIC CAMPUS, IKOT OSURUA, AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD

¹Inyang, Udeme Udofia, ²Igboekwe, M. U. & ²Akpan, O. P*

¹Department of Science TechnologyMicheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umunike

²Department of Science Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua
Email: apostleop5family@yahoo.com
Corresponding author*

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to investigate the aquifer potentials and subsurface lithology in Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Campus, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa  Ibom State. The study area lies between latitude 5^o09^’ and 5^o40^’N and longitude 7^o18^’ and 7^o20^’E, it is underlaid by sedimentary formation of late tertiary and holocence ages. A total of five (5) vertical electrical sounding (VES) were conducted using the integrated Geo-instrument service (IGIS) resistivity meter to generate the field data. The Schlumberger sounding was carried out with current electrode spacing (AB) ranging from 1-300m. The distance used for the potential electrode spacing (MN) ranging from 0.25-10m. This array was employed in view of it resolution power and its reliability. The field data obtained were subjected to interpretation by partial curve matching and by computer iteration using IP12 WIN software. The interpreted results were constrained by lithologic log to produce the geoelectric sections of the subsurface. The geoelectric section showed three (3) to four (4) layered subsurface of top soil, lateritic sand, consolidated sand, clay sand and aquifer layer with different curve types which were Q, KA, K and KK Aquifer characterization of the area showed that the aquifer resistivity with depth ranging from 89.2Ωm to 3287Ωm and 50m to 100m although it varies in some locations, this is an indication of the presence of fresh groundwater.

Keywords: Groundwater potentials, subsurface lithology, vertical electrical sounding (VES), Schlumberger configuration.

ASSESSMENT OF BUILDING MAINTENANCE PRACTICES ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BENUE STATE

¹Momngu Daniel Tiough & ²Terhemen Thomas Hwande

¹Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Benue State University Makurdi

²Department of Building, Saint Joseph Science and Technical College Makurdi

Email: emmyterk@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study assessed building maintenance practices in residential buildings in Makurdi local government area of Benue state. To guide the study, three (3) research questions were stated while three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adapted survey research design. A total population of 4424 was used for the study. The sample comprised of 367 respondents drawn from the population using Yaro Yemen formula and disproportionate stratified random sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire titled ABMPRB was used as instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated by five experts. The reliability coefficient of the study was .882. Data collected for the study was analyzed using Descriptive statistics of Mean and Standard deviation,  t-test was used in testing the hypotheses. This was done with the aid of SPSS at 0.05 level of significance. The study establish that maintenance practices is not been proficiently carried out by occupants and building professionals on residential buildings. The study shows no significant difference between the mean responses of occupants and building professionals on preventive, corrective and predictive to improve on maintenance practices on residential buildings. The study mainly recommended the need for public occupant to embrace preventive maintenance practice as a high priority rather than waiting for corrective maintenance and also a regulation to effect maintenance of specific building systems

ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL AND SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES AS POTENTIAL INDICATORS OF SOIL QUALITYIN ULTISOLS, UYO, NIGERIA

*Godwin U. Akpan¹ &  Muhammed Iliyasu²

¹Department of Soil Science and Land Resources Management, University of Uyo Uyo

²Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar

Email: agumoren1@yahoo.com*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to investigate microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities as potential indicators of soil quality inultisols, Uyo, Nigeria. Soil samples for experiments were collected from old stadium Road (OSR), Old Ring Road (ORR) and Ukana Offot (UKO) at the depth of 0-20cm. soil samples for microbial and enzymatic analyses were stored in a cooler of iced block, while the samples for the determination of soil physical and chemical properties were stored in polythene bags and conveyed to the laboratory for analysis. The enzymes determined were; phosphatase, dehydrogenase, cellulase, catatase urease and invertase. The models for biological and enzyme indicator were used to determine soil quality. All the data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics. The results showed that total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) in the study sites were 5.45 (+1.5)x10⁶cfu/g, 3.30 (+1.0)x10⁶cfu/g and 1.30 (0.2)x10⁶cfu/g soil for OSR, ORR and UKO respectively. Total heterotrophic fungi were: 3.05 (+0.5) x10⁵cfu/g, 2.00 (+0.02)x10⁶cfu/g and 3.00 (+0.2) x10⁵cfu/g soil for OSR, ORR and OKU respectively. The enzymological analyses showed that all the enzymes determined were present in all the samples, differences were obvious in the intensity. Potential dehydrogenase activity the only indicator of the possible sources of pollution implicated the presence of either chemical or biological pollution. Based on theoretical values of bacteria indicator (BISQ) and enzymatic activity, enzymatic indicator of soil quality (EISQ) showed low values. The low values of both BISQ and EISQ showed high anthropogenic influence and possible pollution. Key Words: Enzyme Activities, Microbial, Potential Indicators, Soil Quality, Ultisols

THE IMPACT OF THE USES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS IN OUR SOCIETY, (A CASE STUDY OF 4,000 DIFFERENT LOCATIONS VISITED AND SAMPLED IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA)

Prince Awojoodu Soji

Department of Computer Science and Mathematics

Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, P.M.B. 5533, Ile – Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

Email Address: awojoodusoji@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This research work was carried out, to find the impact of the uses of database systems in our society.  4,000 open questionnaires were distributed to the 4 Local Governments, namely: (Ife East, Ife South, Ife Central and Ife North), local government areas in Osun State, Nigeria. Out of which 1,000 was used in each local government. A total of 40 different locations were sampled out of which 100 questionnaires were used in each location.  It was gathered that above 65% of the people supported, that there was an impact in the uses of database systems in our society, while less than 35% of the people could not even understand whether database (DB) has any impact or not.. The results from the questionnaires when using Pearson one-tailed correlation coefficient, however revealed that there was no significant difference from all the business centre visited and sampled, (p < 0.01) table 5.  This shows a strong positive correlation, which implying that, database (DB), was strongly influenced and enhanced people’s  support, in Osun State in general and Nigeria in particular, therefore, had made this research work to become a reality, (p < 0.01) table  5.  The reasons may be due to the fact that in public domain, the impact of the uses of database (DB)  in our society,  cannot be  under–estimated, for example: payroll was processed using the payroll file, the personnel department maintained its own employee records, inventory was managed via inventory file, automated library systems place a patron’s reading habits within easy reach, retailers maintain records of their customer’s purchases and internet search engines keep records of their clients’ requests, information is potentially available to marketing firms, law enforcement agencies, political parties, employers and private individuals etc.   Bar Chart was used to depict the summary data of each of the local government areas sampled in Ile – Ife of Osun State, Nigeria.                                                         

Keywords: 4 local governments, Osun State, Different locations, Pearson correlation,

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES AND SAFETY EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC DIETARY PROTEIN JUICE PRODUCTS SUITABLE FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN

*Orishagbemi, C. Ojo, Oguche, H.E. Gladys, Opega, J. Ladi; Netala, Jibrin & Egwujeh, I.D. Simeon

Department of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences

Kogi State University, P.M.B. 1008, Anyigba, Nigeria

Email: cornelosag@gmail.com

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT

Dietary Protein drink samples suitable for school children were formulated, produced and evaluated. Raw materials include; cashew, sweet orange, watermelon, carrot, tomato juices (rich in natural sugars and vitamins) and liquid soymilk (rich in protein and minerals). Seven (7) mixed juices, each contained combination of two fruit/vegetable juices, blended with liquid soymilk separately at five different ratios as % mixed juice ratio % soymilk (67:33,60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 33:67), including control sample (exotic protein drink). All the experimental samples were subjected to sensory evaluation (colour, taste, flavour, mouth feel, consistency) and seven most promising samples, subsequently underwent chemical, microbiological and statistical data analyses. The sample protein contents include, 4.08% (mixed cashew + tomato, 60%/soymilk, 40%), 2.86% (mixed cashew + carrot, 50%/ soymilk, 50% and watermelon + tomato, 50%/soymilk, 50%), 2.33% (mixed orange + tomato, 55%/soymilk, 45%), while the rest samples and control had lower protein content value. Vitamin C, 91.7-41.2 mg/100ml (Cashew + tomato /soymilk, cashew + carrot/ soymilk and orange + tomato/soymilk), 20.0-27.5 mg/100ml for the rest and control. Beta carotene, 0.943-2.13 mg/100ml range, control has the lowest and minerals, k, Ca, Ma, Fe, Zn are present in all the samples. Energy/caloric values range from 1,423kj/l (cashew + carrot/soymilk) to 1,913kj/l (watermelon + carrot/soymilk). Sensory attributes of taste and flavour for cashew + tomato/soymilk, cashew + carrot/soymilk, watermelon+ tomato/soymilk samples were superior, as well as the colour of tomato + carrot/soymilk, watermelon + tomato/soymilk (bright/pale pink) over others, which were preferable to the control, and there was no significant difference (p<0.05) among samples. Total plate counts in experimental samples ranged from 1.2×10¹ – 2.2x 10¹ cfu/ml, which fall within levels of acceptable limit for juices. Mould and coliform were not found, showing microbiological wholesomeness and safety. Combined nutrients composition and sensory attributes qualities have revealed samples, cashew +tomato (60%)/soymilk, (40%) and watermelon + tomato (50%)/ soymilk (50%) the best desirable protein drinks.

Keywords: Protein drink, fruit/vegetable juice, liquid soymilk, chemical analysis, sensory attributes, microbiological safety.

MODELS FOR HANDLING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PROCESSES IN CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT USING TASK-BASED PRIORITY QUEUES DATA STRUCTURES

A.H. Eneh*,  A. J.  Jimoh & U. C. Arinze

Department of Computer Science

Faculty of Physical Sciences

University of Nigeria, Nsukka-South East, Nigeria

Email:  agozieh.eneh@unn.edu.ng, jimoh.johnson@unn.edu.ng

*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

This paper reviews different process scheduling criteria; algorithms; properties; objectives and underlying dynamic data structures that optimize process scheduling such as concurrent priority queues (PQs). PQs are known for handling multi-dimensional processes in central processing units (CPUs) by using tasked-based PQs such as – SkipQueue, a highly distributed PQ-based on a simple modification of Pugh’s concurrent SkipList algorithm. SkipLists – search structures based on hierarchically ordered linked-lists. PQs are fundamental in the design of modern multiprocessor algorithms, with many applications ranging from numerical algorithms through discrete event simulation and expert systems design and implementation. For such algorithms to be used in the CPU they must possess certain inherent properties such as: fairness; predictability; throughput maximization and enforcement of priorities respectively. Scheduling priority criteria such as – CPU utilization, throughput; turnaround; waiting and response times are also critical for such systems. Several attempts have been made to address the design of concurrent priority queue algorithms for multi-dimensional processes and small scale machines. Nevertheless, the problem of obtaining optimality in performance is yet to be resolved. This work attempts to address the problem. Results and findings from our algorithm simulation on MATLAB environment indicate that to search a list of N items, O (logN) level lists are traversed, and a constant number of items is traversed per level, making the expected overall complexity of an Insert or Delete operation on a PQ O(logN). This indicates an improvement in performance threshold, as other algorithms exhibited O (N) complexity for similar search times.

Keywords: multiprocessors, concurrent data structures, priority queues.