CONTEMPORARY CONFLICT AND PEACE STRATEGIC PHENOMENON, MIGRATION AND REFUGEES ISSUES IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Jibrin Ubale Yahaya
Department of Political Science
Nasarawa State University, Keffi
Email: jibrinubaleyahaya@gmail.com
ABSTRACT

Since the second half of the 1940s, the Middle East has experienced intense migrations. In 2005 alone, the region received a total of approximately 6 million refugees. Migration flows to and from the Middle East have been linked to nationalist movements and ethnic conflicts. However, these relations have received little attention from scholars. Scholarly work on migration in the Middle East that has been accumulated between the early 1950s and the late 1980s falls into two broad categories in terms of subject matter: Jewish migration to Israel and the Palestinian refugees, and migrations to labor-short countries of the Gulf and Europe. This paper has look at the new trends in the literature on migration in the Middle East and identified issues relating to the gender aspects of migration, population displacement and resettlement, return migration, and the relationship between migration and security. Although the field has made significant progress—the scope of the literature with respect to subject matter has broadened from the 1980s onward, and the methods used by scholars have become more sophisticated over the years—there are some shortcomings that need to be addressed. A number of important issues, such as citizenship or economic dynamics, remain unexplored. Since labor migrations to and from the Middle East are central to economic development, a focus on the evolution of migration may shed light on numerous relevant themes that need be central to help in addressing the issues of migration and peace in the Middle East by looking the crisis in middle east with human face and propose appropriate amicable solution of the crisis by entire global community to ensure the sustenance of justice and peace in the Middle East. Keywords: Migration, Peace, Insecurity and Displacement

A FRAMEWORK FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION COST ESCALATION IN ECONOMIC DOWNTURN IN NIGERIA

I.M. Oyemogum1 ; D.T. Dabwor2 & S. Aboh1
1Department of Building, University of Jos
2Department of Economics, University of Jos
Email: egooye@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

Cost management functions to monitor costs and initiate corrective action to keep the costs within budget. Construction cost management act as a discipline medium throughout the life cycle of an infrastructural development for effective and efficient procurement process. Construction cost escalation in economic downturn is influenced by lagging economic indicators of GDP, inflation, foreign exchange rate, interest rate,
unemployment rate, balance of trade, corporate profit and income and wages. Economic downturn in Nigeria and its impacts on construction cost escalation has become a major problem to both the public and private sector, contractors and clients, as this has resulted in the increase in number of abandoned or delayed projects, difficulty in achieving cost
estimates, increase in dispute arising from contractual arrangement and loss of jobs by construction workers which has made developers hesitant to enter into construction contracts in which they cannot manage the long-term impact their investment (Savills, 2016). The overall impact of construction project cost management is to achieve value for
money and provide an affordable infrastructural facility. This paper aims to propose a framework for the management of construction cost escalation in economic downturn. Key words: Economic downturn, construction cost escalation, construction cost overruns, construction cost, Management and construction cost management framework

NEMBE-BRASS, THE CRADLE OF CHRISTIANITY IN BAYELSA STATE AND THE PIONEERS CLERGY MEN OF KING OCKIYA, AMAYANABO OF NEMBE-BRASS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CHRISTIANITY IN NEMBE-BRASS IN 1867

Oscar .I. Alabo & Epem-Ubodium
Department of History
Isaac Jasper Boro Collage of Education, Sagbama-Bayelsa-State
Email: inobra4@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The Focus of this article is the coming of Christianity to Nembe-Brass in 1867 through the efforts of King Ockiya, Amayanabo of Nembe-Brass. King Ockiya having seen the development which occurred at Bonmy Invited Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther, to established the Church, so that his people could also get Civilization like the Bonny-City State. In addition to the establishment of the Church, Schools were also established which
the Nembe-Brass people benefited greatly by becoming educated. With the education, the Nembe-Brass led the spread of Christianity to other parts in the Niger-Delta and the Igbo Interior area.

PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT MONEY IN THE BANKS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

1Bello, Babatunde Sikiru; 1Nwokenkwo, B. O.; 1Ogundeji, Sunday Tolulope; 1Abdullahi, Ibrahim; & 1Idaomi, Taiye Olorunfemi
1Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic, Bida
5Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bida

ABSTRACT

This study examined the effect of commercial banks’ performance on economic development in Nigeria, which aims to evaluating the impact of bank credit on economic development in Nigeria and to appraise the impact of growth in liquidity liabilities of banks on economic growth in Nigeria. The collection of data for this research work is done through the administration of questionnaire with the sample size of 20. However, the
methods of data collection were both primary and secondary method of data collection. Also the hypothesis was tested using ANOVA and meaningful suggestions were put forward in order to realize the organizational objective. Findings were made among them that that bank credit advancement is a tool for economic development. also, that
availability of bank credit advancement can increase entrepreneurial development. The study therefore recommends that credit to the private sector should be directed at priority sectors for its impact to be felt in the economy. Also, commercial banks should always give credit advance to the owners of entrepreneurship businesses, who have proven characteristics and behaviour together with business viability and authenticity which in
turn will boost the Nigerian economy. Keywords: Commercial Bank, performance, Economic development, Liquidity liabilities,
Credit advancement

SOCIO CULTURALDETERMINANTS OF INFERTILITY AND MARRIAGE INSTABILITY AMONG THE NATIVES OF ONITSHA, IN ONITSHA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE

Augustine Nwanosike Anyamene
Department of Sociology and Anthropology
Benson Idahosa University, Benin City
Email: anayameme@biuedung

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the socio-cultural determinants of infertility and marriage instability among the natives of Onitsha. The objectives of the study were to examine the sociocultural determinants of infertility underlying marriage instability, the gender factors associated with infertility, the socio-cultural consequences of infertility and the societal
opinions about the infertile couples. In this research work, descriptive survey was used to accurately portray the socio-cultural determinants of infertility and marriage instability among the natives of Onitsha. Consequently, 199 questionnaires were distributed to the
individuals who have a close relationship with childless couples in Onitsha inland Town. The study employed descriptive statistics and chi-square to analyze the data obtained. It was found from the study that the cause of infertility cannot be attributed to supernatural causes. It was also shown that male and female gender contributes to infertility and marital instability is often a consequence of infertility. It was shown from the research that gender factors affect marriage instability. The study also found out that family members show disregard for infertile couples. It is therefore recommended that those facing the challenge of infertility should check out options available to them such as insemination or
intracytoplasmic sperm injection. However, if all attempts fail, couples should accept their condition and stay strong. Further sensitization, counseling, and awareness are needed so that childless couples or individuals are not discriminated against.