Centre for Advanced Research & Development
*Okolugbo Nekwu Emmanuel & **Emma – Nzekwue Ngozi
*Department of Surgery, Delta State University Abraka
**Department of ENT Surgery, Delta State University Teaching Hospital Oghara
Email: nekouokolugbo@yahoo.com; Corresponding Author: Dr.N.E Okolugbo
Ikpe Vitalis and Ibeqwam Kerita
Department of Biochemistry
Caritas University, Amoroji-Nike, Enugu
Email: vitalis.ikpe@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The importance of the active constituents of plants in medicine has stimulated significant scientific interests in the biochemical activities of these substances. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects of the stem bark of Annona muricata (Soursop). Fourty albino rats of both sexes (aged 3 months, 140-170g) were divided into eight groups. Group A was male control, Group H female control while Groups B to G were test groups. Diabetes was induced in the test rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of 2.5mg/ml/kg alloxan and the rats treated with oral administration of aqueous extract of Annona muricate stem bark of 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200mg/kg respectively for 7days. The blood glucose, total cholesterol(TC), High density lipoprotein(HDL), Low density lipoprotien(LDL), Very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) and Triglyceride (TG) levels were assayed by standard methods before and after alloxan injection and on the 8th day after treatment with the extract. After induction, blood glucose increased from a control value of 4.97±0.7mmol/l to 12.4±6.4mmol/l, TC from 0.98±0.4mmol/l to1.25±0.2mmol/l, LDL from 0.68±0.14mmol/l to 4.12±0.64mmol/l, VLDL from 0.18±0.04mmol/l to 0.21±0.04mmol/l and TG from 0.27±0.06mmol/l to 0.32±0.19mmol/l. HDL decreased from 0.44±0.04mmol/l to 0.21±0.12mmol/l. These parameters were significantly elevated(P<0.05) after induction with alloxan compared to control values but decreased significantly (p<0.05) after treatment with aqueous extract of Annona muricata stem bark. The extract of Annona muricata stem bark had the capacity to lower high blood glucose level and regulated lipid profile balance.
Key words: Annona muricata, stem bark, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, capacity.
Iliyasu M. Anzaku1, Alkali Mohammed2, Abdulmumin Yusuf3, Yakubu A. Ubangari4,
1Department of Sciences, School of Continuing Education, Bayero University, Kano
2Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University, Keffi
3Department of Geography, Nasarawa State University, Keffi
4Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia
ABSTRACT
This study assesses the effect of climate variability on malaria infection in Isuikwuato Local area of Abia state, Nigeria. Both primary and secondary sources of data where employed. The data for this study were processed and analyzed quantitatively. The quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of Microsoft excel, and spas statistical package version 26. The descriptive statistics that was used consists of central tendency and the tie series trend analysis. the inferential statistics employed in the study were a linear regression and the person product moment correlation. The result revealed an increase in rainfall experience in the year 2005-2008. Majority of respondents 58% were aware of climate change. Majority of respondents agreed that there increase temperature and number of sunny days 54% 51% of the delivery that an increase in rainfall in area was as a result of climate change. Government at Local, National and international level should put more effort in combating malaria disease so as to achieve sustainable development.
Keyword: climate, Variability, Malaria, Infection, Change
Tijjani, A. Aliyu, M. Zaharaddeen, S. & Abubakar, S.
Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi P. M. B. 0248, Bauchi Nigeria
Email: shuaibuzaharaddeen@gmail.com.
ABSTRACT
Plants are rich source of secondary metabolites with potential biological activities against insects and pathogens. The objective of the present study is to characterize possible bioactive phytochemical constituents in the extract of stem bark and pod part of P. biglobossa using ethanol and Hexane as solvent using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical technique. The result of the study revealed the presence of various compounds like n-Hexadecanoic acid, Olean-12-en-28-al, 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, Octadecanoic acid, Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester and Vitamin E (2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol) in ethanolic and hexane extract of pod. The result further showed that n-Hexadecanoic acid, Oleic Acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid metal esther, 9-Octadecenoic acid and Glycerin are present in ethanol and Hexane extracts of stem bark. These compounds have potential anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, pesticide and anticancer activity among others.
Key words: Ethanol extracts, G.C-MS analysis, Hexane Extract P. biglobossa, Phytochemical.
Obahiagbon Ikponmwosa*& Imasogie Dele Eradebamwen**
*Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
**Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
Email: ikflex@yahoo.com; Corresponding Author: Obahiagbon Ikponmwosa
ABSTRACT
Thyroid masses are frequently encountered in clinical practice and are readily accessible for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), either directly or via image guidance, for rapid diagnosis in the hope of avoiding unnecessary surgery. FNAC of the thyroid is attractive because it is a relatively simple technique, non-invasive, minimally painful, relatively cheap, and offers the possibility of arriving at definitive morphological diagnoses of thyroid masses without first surgically obtaining a specimen. It is important to develop, ensure and maintain expertise in this proven investigative modality while recognizing its important limitations, some of which this article highlights.
Keywords: Thyroid, Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), Limitations.
Uchendu Obiora Jude &Odion-Obomhense Helen
1Department of Histopathology, Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State
2Department of Pediatric Surgery, Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State
Email: ojlinksent@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Primary Yolk sac tumour (YST) of extragonadal site is a very rare tumour, usually arising from malignant transformation of misdirected primordial germ cell on transit from the yolk sac to gonads. The present study reports a primary YST of the gluteus in a 19 years old African child presenting with acute urinary retention and constipation. Complete tumour excision was done resulting in relief of urinary and bowel symptoms. In the face of limited investigation tools, light microscope observation of Schiller-Duvall bodies in histopathology specimens, as seen in this case, is diagnostic. Complete excision with Platinium-based chemotherapy has been shown to gives excellent 5 year survival. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is useful marker in monitoring response to therapy. Poverty and unavailability of advanced diagnostic tools are however major challenge in diagnosis of atypical cases in Africa.
Key word: Yolk sac tumour, Gluteal mass, Histology
Imasogie Dele Eradebamwen & Udoh Mojisola
Department of Morbid Anatomy
University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
E-mail: eradebamwen4real@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The World Health Organization (WHO) had estimated the average life expectancy of Nigerians to be 54.5 years. It is very likely that a sizeable number of the recorded deaths in our environment could have been prevented thereby increasing the estimated life expectancy by WHO. An objective assessment of the manner of death at post-mortem speaks volume; therefore the aim of this study is to determine the manner of death at post-mortem at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. This was a retrospective post-mortem study that was carried out at the Department of Morbid Anatomy, University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a 2 year period from 1st of January 2013 to 31st of December 2014. The subjects of this study were all post-mortem cases during the period under review. Data was obtained from the hospital and departmental archives. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20. The manner of death encountered in this study was natural (48.6%), accident (42.7%), homicide (5%), undetermined (3.3%) and suicide deaths (0.3%) in decreasing order of frequency. The mean age for natural death was in the 6th decade while it was in the 4th decade for other categories of manner of death. There was a male preponderance in each category of manner of death. A sizeable number of deaths recorded in this study were largely preventable. To this end, preventive measures are very important in reducing needless death with resultant increase in the life expectancy.
Key word: Manner of death, Natural death, Accidental death, Homicidal death, Suicidal death and undetermined death.
Oboh, R.A., Onwukwe, N.A. & Nwafor, S.U.
Department of Optometry
Madonna University Elele Campus Rivers State, Nigeria
Email: rolandoboh1@gmail.com.
ABSTRACT
Personal protective equipment is essential for anyone involved in hazardous or injury prone job description such as construction, wood work, metal and rail engineering and as such workmen are mandated to protect themselves from harm. Many eye injuries can be prevented by wearing the appropriate protective eye wear. This study assessed the level of awareness and compliance to protective eye wear among welders in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among welders in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Respondents were selected by simple random sampling. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Data was analyzed using simple descriptive statistics employing tables and charts. Test statistic for association of variables was done using the Chi Square test. The study involved 103 welders comprising of 101 males (98.1%) and 2 females (1.9%). The ages of the participants ranged from 16 -65 years with an average age of 34.92±10.13, with the 26-35 years group having the largest proportion of 40 participants (38.8%) and the 56-65 years group having the least with 4 (3.9%) participants. Majority, 98 (95.1%) of the participants were aware of the need for ocular protection during work out of which 65 (63.11%) complied regularly, 22 (21.3%) complied occasionally, 15 (14.56%) complied rarely and 1 (0.97%) had zero compliance. 50 (83.33%) participants with secondary school education complied regularly to protective eye wear use, 7(63.64%) participants with tertiary education and 8 (25%) participants with primary education. Majority, 15 (77%) of participants with over 15years experience complied regularly while only 7 (33.33%) with 1-5 year experience complied regularly. The most preferred eye wear employed was Sunshade, 57(55.3%), followed by welding goggles, 43 (41.7%) while 3 (2.9%) used Fancy transparent glasses. Conclusively, Chi Square statistics revealed that compliance to protective eye wear was significantly associated with the age and educational attainment of participants but not associated with their years of work experience. Keywords: Protective eye wear, welders. Ocular hazards.
