Category Archives: International Journal of Social Sciences and Conflict Management 2018

The Rukuba and their Neighbours in the Archival Materials an Evaluation of Historical Source – Materials

Amango Achadick Kudu, Ph.D

Department of History

Nasarawa State University, Keffi

E-mail: aakudu@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Until recently, documentary source-materials had remained almost unchallenged, as the only reliable source of historical reconstruction. However, considering (also) the interplay of such obvious variables as culture, time, language, purpose, etc, acting upon the process of generating such source materials, their susceptibility to critical scrutiny becomes irresistible. This paper identifies the archival materials as one of such documentary source materials, and examined the extent to which they can be relevant to the reconstruction of the Rukuba and their neighbours. The idea of “relevance” immediately calls for a comparison between what obtains in the archival materials and what respondents in the field are saying. It therefore became necessary to conduct oral interview among the ethnic groups involved. The findings, matched against some few written documents on the Rukuba and their neighbours showed clearly the inadequacies of archival materials as a source-material for reconstructing the history of these groups. It is then suggested that the use of archival materials must be done in collaboration with oral interview and other written documents.

Essence of Employees Motivation on Organizational Effectiveness

¹ Brai Marcellus A, ².Boyce Ariwera O, ³.Olokpo Morgan I. ⁴.Onwuka Okechukwu

Department of Sciences, National Institute of Construction Technology (NICT), Uromi Edo State

Department of Architecture, (NICT), Uromi Edo State

Department of Building Technology, (NICT), Uromi Edo State

E-mail: maxcellusng6@gmail.com 

Corresponding Author: ¹ Brai Marcellus A.

ABSTRACT

The aim and goal of this paper is to identify the techniques of motivation, factors affecting employee’s motivation and with benefit as it allows the human resources manager to elicit from the employees the expected behavior to enhance workers productivity. The strategies to adopt in order to overcome barriers to motivation were also highlighted. Workers are motivated when salaries is paid as at when due, designing their own rules, policies that will suit organizational goal and motivate employees by training them on the job, working in a friendly environment and appreciate them on their day to day activities which is needed to reduce industrial and organizational conflict.

Keywords: Recognition, motivation, organizational effectiveness.

Deficit Financing and Economic Welfare in Nigeria: A Formal Test of the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH)

EwereF.O.Okungbowa¹ & David Umoru², _{AERC, FMNES}

¹Department of Economics, Banking and Finance, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria

²Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts, Management & Social Sciences, Edo University Iyamho,david.umoru@edouniversity.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

This study tests empirically whether Nigeria is Ricardian economy using ARDL Bounds test approach within the period of 1980-2017. The study revealed that REH holds in Nigeria and that swap of debt for tax asoption for financing budget impact less on aggregate demand of citizens. It was also statistically insignificant thereby supporting presence of REH and not the conventional Keynesian view. Indication is that a farsighted and rational individual will not increase her consumption when tax is low because such an individual is aware that the debt will be redeemed in a future date through higher taxes. Hence, substitution of deficit for tax is seen as just a tax timing differencebecause, current debt neutralizes futurehigher taxes.Based on result, we recommend that government should change use of deficit financing as fiscal policy measure that she employs in improving welfare of citizens in Nigeria.

Keywords: Debt, consumption, tax, government expenditure, budget constraint.JEL classification: E21, E62, D61

The Effects of Personal Income Tax on Revenue Generation in Ondo State

¹Adedeji, Abosede O. & ^2.Akindele, Ajbisola A.

¹Department of Business Administration, Federal University of Technology, Akure

²Department of Project Management Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure

 E-mail: aoadedeji@yahoo.com, bisak56@gmail.com.

Corresponding Author: A. O. Adedeji

Leadership and Organisational Efficiency in selected Small/Medium Enterprises (SME) in Port Harcourt Metropolis

¹Larry-love E.  Nduonofit, PhD;  ²Kalabo, Teirei Dio & ³Gold Nwala-Cadger

^1,2Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt

³Department of Sociology/Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Uyo

E-mail: larrylove.nduonofit@gmail.com, kteireidio@gmail.com, chinedu11@yahoo.com

Corresponding Author: Larry-love E.  Nduonofit, PhD

ABSTRACT

Overtime, the role of leadership in enhancing efficiency in work place has been emphasized. Such emphasis has been placed on the fundamental role leadership can play to meet strategic goals and objectives, whether it is an individual-owned enterprise, government organization, or a joint partnership. This study is an examination of the impact of leadership on organizational efficiency in small and medium organizations in Port Harcourt metropolis. In this study, organizational efficiency is measured in the light of leadership pattern and effective communication. However, the instrument for data collection was the questionnaire, which was used to solicit information from 76 respondents who were determined using Taro Yamane technique and selected via simple random sampling method from four (4) small-scale organizations in Port Harcourt metropolis. Data for the study was analyzed using a non-parametric statistical technique – Chi-square (X²). The study reveals that the Leadership pattern adopted by a small organization correlates positively with the performance of the organization. The study also revealed that effective communication in small organizations’ is directly relates to employees high input to their organization, and this translates to customer satisfaction in the selected small scale industries. The study has also reveal that attending to the general welfare needs of employees would go a long way in mitigating low morale amongst employees and drive efficiency. The study recommends that Leaders of small organization should be respectful, responsible, accountable and inspirational to their subordinates

Key Words: Leadership; efficiency; communication; inefficiency; small-scale organization.

Anxiety among Catholic Vocational Workers

Eze Boris Ejike¹ & Mgbenkemdi Ejike H.²

Department of Psychology

Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Enugu- Nigeria

E-mail: boriskeze@yahoo.com /iamejike@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

This study examined anxiety among catholic vocational workers. Anxiety is inevitable among humans but when it becomes discomforting,  then it becomes a pathology and that is why catholic vocational workers were tipped to be experiencing anxiety in the curse of their vocation hence, the question will anxiety exist among catholic vocational workers. Thus, the current study appears to be a call to change in vocational duty behavior. To accomplish this, the paper posits that the church should introduce a psychological service center among catholic vocational workers and this would make psychologists (behaviour engineers) indispensable among them. The present paper posits also that various empirical studies reviewed showed that catholic vocational workers suffer serious anxiety and many sources for such anxieties were pointed out with its attending theoretical frame works. It asserts that holistic study into the variables would go a long way in understanding the concept and reduce the psychological effects of anxiety suffered by catholic vocational workers.

Keywords: Anxiety and Catholic Vocational Workers.

Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on Growth of Urban Informal Sectors in Alimosho Local Government Area Lagos State, Nigeria

¹Adeneye, O.A.; ²Saheed, Z.S. &³Ibrahim, G.U.

^1&2Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna

³Department of Economics, Faculty Social Sciences, Kaduna State University Kaduna

Corresponding author: Saheed, Z.S.

Email: zakss_1@yahoo.co.ukk,

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of rural-urban migration on growth of urban informal sector in Alimosho local government area, Lagos state, Nigeria. Data were collected through informal interview and structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 400 household of which 348 questionnaire were correctly filled and returned. To analyze the data collected from the respondents, the data was coded and rated on 5 point likert scale and multiple regression analysis was used in testing the hypothesis. The result shows that rural-urban migration has positive and statistically significant impact on growth of urban informal sector. In additions, AGGCD and HEY stated in the model as control variables equally have positive and statistically significant impact on the growth of urban informal sector (GURIS). Similarly, the result shows that educational status of the rural-urban migrants has positive but statistically insignificant impact on growth of urban informal sector. Based on the findings, the study therefore recommends that Lagos state government should formulate policy that will direct and encourage the inflow of rural-urban migrants toward informal sector by providing necessary infrastructure, tax rebate and incentive inform of accessibility to soft loan with low interest rate for the migrants who resolve to work in the informal sector of the economy. Furthermore, policy that will encourage investors and entrepreneurships in the informal sector should be implemented. This includes; reduction in company tax holding, low interest rate to investors and entrepreneurships, easy of doing business, infrastructural development among others that will directly or indirectly create conducive business environment for informal sector to thrive. Keywords: Rural-urban migration, Inflationary pressure, urban unemployment.

Examining Prophet Amos Message to Israel in the 8th Century B.C. and Its Relevance in Challenging Corruption in the 21st Century Governance in Nigeria

Ishaya Mallo Makpu

Department of Religious Studies,

Faculty of Arts, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022 Keffi, Nasarawa State

Email:  makpuishayamakpu@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Prophets are men and women who lived above board; they were non-conformists who never settled for the status quo, they were bold, courageous, compassionate and decisive. Prophets are risk takers who were ready to pay any price for a cause they believed in. They did not serve their own interests but others and never sought recognition or human approval. They were often blessed with high energy and tough skills. They rarely observed protocol s is often restless and combative of evil. Prophet Amos was one of such Old Testament prophets, whom God raised to confront the issues of national sin and disruption of social norms that led to inequalities and oppression of the downtrodden in the society, a situation that is capable of hindering any meaningful development in any country. This paper examines prophet Amos, historical situation of his times, such as social, political and religious crises. It also looks at Nigerian problems such as corruption display of high level inequality where the rich become richer and poor errand brings out the relevance of Amos message in order to enhance meaningful development in the 21st century Nigeria.  Our findings revealed that the political, social and religious situations of the Israelites when Amos was called were polluted and corruption was the order of the day, poor were denied justice, rich became richer and poor and poorer, this is a similar situation in Nigeria. The researcher calls on Nigerians to join hands together and fight corruption in all sectors of the economy, return to God and repent so that God can heal our land.

Keywords:   Prophet, leader, Corruption, Relevance, Wealth, Distribution, Justice, etc.

Transparency and Honesty as Panacea for Sustainable Development (Proverb 13:14)

Akah Josephine Ngozi

Humanities Unit, School of General Studies,

University of Nigeria, NsukkaE-mail:Josephine.akah@unn.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

This paper examines transparency and honesty in the actualization of overall sustainable development in Nigeria. It is often said that no country can develop beyond the level of its leadership. The crisis of Nigeria in terms of under development can be attributed to the problems of leadership and transparency. The question then is: have the government of Nigeria been able to achieve effective regulatory framework leading to revenue transparency which is a key factor in the attainment of sustainable development? The problem of this paper therefore, is that there is little or no transparency in the conduct of most business including governance in Nigeria. The paper used descriptive and analytical approach. The findings revealed that weak political institutions to undertake effective checks and balances created spaces for leaders to commit corruption in the country. The end result is loss of revenue, poverty and poor standard of living. The paper recommends the development of effective framework for transparency and accountability in the country.

Keywords: Transparency, Honesty, Panacea, Sustainable Development.

Causes and Economic Consequences of Desertification in Sudan

Nasreldin Atiya Rahamtalla

Department of Economics

Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria

Email: nasratiya@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Desertification is a significant global ecological and environmental problem that affects negatively all aspects of life. It is caused by a number of factors that change over time and vary by location. This paper attempts to shed light on the economic consequences of desertification in Sudan. The paper relies heavily on secondary data.  The paper finds that desertification in Sudan is caused by both natural factors and human factors. Desertification leads to poverty, hunger, displacement, flooding, water scarcity, illiteracy, and spread of diseases, increase of infant mortality and morbidity and loss of herds. It affects negatively livelihood of citizens, cultivable land, soil, Gum Arabic production belt, land productivity and extinction of wildlife. It is recommended that, Awareness programs and trainings on rational utilization and proper management of natural resources are to be conducted to build the capacity of local communities. Efforts should be made by government, organizations and local communities to conserve natural resources. Proper and sustainable forest management is highly needed. Basic services should be provided by the government and international community to the people of the affected areas and this would contribute positively to poverty reduction.

Keywords: Causes, Consequence, Desertification, Sudan, Land degradation.