Category Archives: International Journal of Sciences and Advanced Innovative Research 2017

CONTENTS

S/N	Title	Authors	Pages
1	A Study of the Weathering Layer using Uphole Method of Seismic Refraction Survey in Obayantor and Environs, Edo State, Nigeria	1Omoruyi, S. O.; 2Ebahili, E. O. & 3Selong, U, E.	1-17
2	Evaluation of the Corrosion inhibition Effects of Chrysophyllum albidum Extracts on Mild Steel	Offurum F.C. & Offurum J.C.	18-27
2	Comparative Study of Selected Routing Protocols in a Wireless Sensor Networks Using Retransmission attempts and Network Load	Adamu, Mamman1, Isah Adamu Dagah2 & Kolo Hosea3	28-43
4	Comparative Analysis of Connected and Disconnected Tokens in Enhanced Multi-Factor Authentication	Obioha Iwuoha & Chidiebere C. Oparah	44-57
5	Determination of Heavy Metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, & Cu) in Soils around Industrial area in Jos Metropolist of Plateau State, Nigeria	Gimba, Joshua.Dagil, Chundusu Elizabeth Samuel, Chup Jessica	58-67
6	Control of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht using Plant Extracts and Ash Tamarind in Girei, Local Government Area, Adamawa State	Puma, S.H1; Matai, E.P2; Channya K.F3 & Indaptul, H. A4	67-86
7	Estimation of Stature from Foot Length of Students in Anambra State University	Okafor I. J, Etoniru I. S, Elemuo C. O	87-95
8	Statistical Comparison of M-Estimators in Multiple Regression Analysis of Nigeria Microfinance Banks Loans and Advances	D. S. A. Wokoma1, F. N. Nwobi2, E. M. Eke3 & A. E. Ukwubuiwe4	96-110
9	Performance of CIGS Thin Film Solar Cell with changes in Absorber Layer Thickness and the Back Contact	Adekoya, Abibat Asabi1*, Alabi, Aderemi  Babatunde2 and Oni Adewale Adeola3	111-123
10	On use of Simple Linear Regression Models	Wokoma Dagogo S.A1, &Innocent Uchenna Amadi2	124-131
11	A Review of a Decision Support System for Diagnosis (DSS) of Tropical Diseases	1Olaniyan Olatayo. M.; 2Ogunleye Gabriel O.; 3Fagbola Tayo	132-143
12	A Mathematical Model for Cholera Transmission Dynamics considering Primary and Booster Vaccinations as Controls	O. Abu & E. Jalija	144-157
13	Relationship between Abdominal Conditioning and Prevalence of Diastasis Rectus Abdominis during Pregnancy among Primigravids	1Usman Abubakar Modibbo (B.Sc), 2Dr Shmaila Hanif (Ph.D)	158-170

A Study of the Weathering Layer using Uphole Method of Seismic Refraction Survey in Obayantor and Environs, Edo State, Nigeria

¹Omoruyi, S. O.; ²Ebahili, E. O. & ³Selong, U, E.

^1,2Department of Geology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

³Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

Email: ebahili789@yahoo.com

Corresponding Author: Ebahili, E. O.

ABSTRACT

This study is aimed at using uphole method of seismic refraction survey to investigate the thickness of the weathering layer as well as the velocity regimes of the weathering, unconsolidated and consolidated layers in meter/second (m/s). This was accomplished by using the  information on the thickness of the weathering layer obtained from the uphole survey to plan depth parameter for high frequency seismic waves (shots) as it applies to 3-D seismic reflection survey and also carryout static corrections, geometry error (linear move-out) correction and migration as it applies to 3-D seismic processing. The study was carried out in Obayantor between Oredo and Ikpoba Okha Local Government Areas, Edo State. The field equipment set-up in uphole method of seismic refraction survey consisted of a calibrated hydrophone harness with marine rope in a well bore filled with water, a recording equipment called OYO Mc Seis version 3.0, a Master-Slave controlled blaster, a printer and a field battery to power the equipment was used. While, the processing and interpretation software was UDYSIS. Fifteen uphole locations were acquired in this study with identity, A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N and O at different locations throughout the study area. Rotary drilling method was used to drill to depths of 63m to 66m and logging was at 60m, 50m, 4om, 30m, 25m, 20m, 15m, 10m, 5m, 3m, 1m and 0m. The lithologies of the formations showed mainly sand and clay. From this study, the weathering layer velocity obtained ranged between 318m/s to 606m/s with an average value of 449m/s. This shows low velocity with which seismic waves are propagated. The thickness obtained for the weathering layer ranged between 4.2m to 10.9m with average value of 7m. The velocity of the unconsolidated layer obtained ranged between 151m/s to 1220m/s with an average value of 1017m/s. The thickness of the unconsolidated layer ranged between 4.2m to 22.2m with an average value of 16m. The value of the velocity obtained for the consolidated layer ranged between 1528m/s to 1950m/s with an average value of 1714m/s.

Keywords: Uphole, Weathered Layer, Hydrophones, Seismic Refraction, consolidated layer

Evaluation of the Corrosion inhibition Effects of Chrysophyllum albidum Extracts on Mild Steel

Offurum F. C. & Offurum J. C.

Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri

Department of Chemical Engineering, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo-Ohaji

Email: jullyengine@yahoo.com

Corresponding Author: Offurum J. C.

ABSTRACT

The inhibiting action of the Chrysophyllum albidum (CA) extract (leave and bark) on mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl and 0.5M H₂SO₄ solution was studied using gravimetric, and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), techniques. The experimental results showed that CA leave and bark functioned as an inhibitor in the acidic corrodent and inhibition efficiency increased with increase in extract concentration. The CA leaf extract showed higher inhibition efficiency in 0.5M H₂SO₄ (94%) than in 0.5M H₂SO₄ (73%) bark extract; also,92% efficiency was observed in 1M HCl for CA bark extract, while 84% in 1M HCl leaf extract. Also, during the gravimetric chart, inhibition efficiency increased when metals are not withdrawn than in solutions with daily withdrawal of metal specimens. This was traceable to the fact that the metal surface already formed a thick film with the inhibitor, blocking the active corrosion sites on the surface, thereby reducing the corrosion rate (adsorption). Cathodic and anodic polarization curves showed that CA bark and leaf functioned as a mixed-type inhibitor. The study generally, indicates clearly that Chrysophyllum albidum extract has potentials of inhibiting corrosion of mild steel in acidic environment.

Keywords: Evaluation, Corrosion Inhibition, Effects, Chrysophyllum albidum, Mild Steel

Comparative Analysis of Connected and Disconnected Tokens in Enhanced Multi-Factor Authentication

Obioha Iwuoha & Chidiebere C. Oparah

Department of Computer Science  

Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Imo state

Email: ohaobi@yahoo.com, canonchychuks@yahoo.com

Corresponding Author: Obioha Iwuoha

ABSTRACT

The need for provision of security tokens as a possession factor in multi-factor authentication cannot be over-emphasized. But the fact remains that the most secure and adaptive type of token is yet to be known and strictly adhered to. The objective of this paper is to compare the two main types of tokens and determine which is best and most appropriate for defined situations. The data-flow modeling technique of the structured systems analysis and design methodology will be used for this research. It involves the process of identifying, modeling and documenting how data moves around an information system by examining processes, data stores, external entities and data flows of security tokens. The result of this paper is an educative insight and gross understanding of the types of security tokens required during possession factor presentation in enhanced multi-factor authentication.

Keywords: Tokens, disconnected tokens, hard tokens, authentication, key, encryption, user, authentication factors

Determination of Heavy Metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, & Cu) in Soils around Industrial Area in Jos Metropolis of Plateau State, Nigeria

Gimba, Joshua.Dagil¹, Chundusu Elizabeth Samuel² & Chup Jessica ³

^1,3,Department of Pre-ND Science, Plateau State Polytechnic Barkin Ladi

²Department of Science, Plateau State Polytechnic Barkin Ladi

E-mail: gimbajoshua@gmail.com

Corresponding Author: Chundusu Elizabeth Samuel

ABSTRACT

Heavy metal pollution is a serious problem associated with areas of intensive industrial activities. A study was carried out on some heavy metals Heavy (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, &Cu) on the quality of soil in the vicinity of the industrial areas of Jos Plateau Sate to determine the levels of pollution. These areas include; Jos Steel Rolling Mills (JSRM), Ray field Jos, National Metallurgical Development Centre (NMDC), Nigerian Mining Corporation (NMC) and NASCO Food. Soils samples were collected and analyzed for pH, values, organic matter contents, carbon contents and the total metal concentrations for the above metals using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results of the analysis showed relatively high concentrations of Fe, Cd, and Ni with concentrations range of 0.227 0.062ppm, to 5.367 0.091ppm.The samples from JSRM and NASCO food recorded a high concentration of Mn with a value of 0.221 0.121 and 0.612±0.126ppm respectively. But for Zn, Ni, and Cu, showed relatively low concentrations. Comparing the results with the WHO standard showed that Pb, Fe, Cd, and Ni were above the WHO values. High concentrations of these elements in the soils could lead to a toxicity in agricultural products which may affect human activity. This problem could be remediated by government legislations and phytoremediations, a method of reclamation of soils contaminated with toxic metals by using hyperaccumulator plants.

Control of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht using Plant Extracts and Ash Tamarind in Girei, Local Government Area, Adamawa State

Puma, S.H¹; Matai, E.P²; Channya K.F³ & Indaptul, H. A⁴ 

¹Gombe State Teachers Service Commission, Ministry of Education, Gombe State

²Department of Horticultural Technology, Federal College of Horticulture, Dadin Kowa, Gombe State

³Department of Plant Science, Modibo Adama University of Technology, Yola Adamawa State

⁴Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State 

Corresponding Author: Puma, S.H

ABSTRACT

The studies on the control of Fusarium wilt of tomato was carried out in Girei Local Government Area Adamawa State. Using treatments combinations consisted of three levels each of jatropha, neem and tamarin ash assigned in Completely Randomized Design (CRD), replicated four times. Data collected was analysed using Statistical tool for Applied Sciences (SAS) and means that were significantly different were separated using the Least Significant Difference (LSD).  Results of in-vitro control trials indicated that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) among the treatments with respect to the control of the Fusarium oxysporum. Jatropha leaf extracts produced the inhibition zone of 37.50%; neem gave 32.53% while ash had 24.86% inhibition. Concentration levels of 2.0 ml, 1.5 ml, and 1.0ml/20 ml of PDA were also significantly different, with increased efficacy as concentration of treatment increases. For in-vivo trial, the treatments were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control, reducing the disease of tomato seedlings. Concentration of 3.0 ml/kg, 5.0 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg were also significantly different at P < 0.05, with increased efficacy as concentration of treatment increases. From the in-vitro findings and screen house study, jatropha leaf extracts gave the best control of the pathogen and produced the highest seedling growth followed by neem leaf extracts and ash whereas increase in concentration increases the control of the pathogen, therefore farmers are recommended to use jatropha at 5.0ml/kg.

Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum, jatropha, neem, ash

Estimation of Stature from Foot Length of Students in Anambra State University

Okafor I. J, Etoniru I. S, Elemuo C. O

Department of Anatomy

Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences

Chukwuemeka Odomegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria

Email: igweokafor13@yahoo.com, nazariteforlife@gmail.com, chukwuebukaelemuo@gmail.com

Corresponding Author: Okafor I. J

ABSTRACT

Estimation of stature from measurement of various body parts is of particular interest to many anatomist and forensic scientist for its importance in medico-legal cases. Significant and positive correlation coefficient has been shown to exist between stature and measurements of foot length. The present study is based on the measurement of foot length and body height of 300 students of Anambra state university between the ages of 17 to 22. The length of the foot was measured between the most prominent points of the back of the heel to the tip of the second toe, when the second toe was larger than the hallux. Venier caliper was used to measure foot length. Obtained data was analyzed separately for male and female and attempt was made to find out the correlation and derive a regression formula between foot length and height of an individual. The values of between age and height of male and female is (- 0.141) and (0.038) respectively. The values between age foot length of male and female is (-0.209) and (0.060). The value between height and foot length of male and female is (0.629) and (0.502). Male mean height (178.04cm) was also higher than female mean height (168.20cm). The result shows that there is a definite correlation between foot length and height of an individual. Thus, the result of the present study would be useful for Anatomist and Forensic Medical Experts.

Statistical Comparison of M-Estimators in Multiple Regression Analysis of Nigeria Microfinance Banks Loans and Advances

D. S. A. Wokoma¹, F. N. Nwobi²_, E. M. Eke³ & A. E. Ukwubuiwe⁴

¹Department of Statistics, Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rumuola, Rivers State, Nigeria

²Department of Statistics, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, 460222, Nigeria

³Department of Statistics, Abia State Polytechnic, P.M.B 7166, Aba, Nigeria

⁴Department of Statistics, Abia State College of Health Sciences Management Technology, Aba,

Email: dagywoksy@gmail.com,fnnwobi@yahoo.co.uk,,ekeemenaik@yahoo.com,eluojoa@gmail.com

Corresponding Author: D. S. A. Wokoma

ABSTRACT

Residuals of OLS estimation for the classical linear regression model are heavily affected by outliers in the dataset. This leads to unreliable, inefficient and inaccurate parameter estimates that will not yield a robust predictive model of the phenomena. In this paper, we identified a robust estimator in the class of M-estimators that reduced the RMSE of Nigerian Microfinance Loans and advances data by 45.28% relative to the OLS estimate of the RMSE and also recovered the directional effect of Lending interest rate on Loans/advances that the OLS estimator lost as a result of outliers’ effect.

Keywords: Robust, M-estimator, OLS estimator, Outlier, RMSE, Loans and advances, Deposit, Lending interest rate

Performance of CIGS Thin Film Solar Cell with changes in Absorber Layer Thickness and the Back Contact

Adekoya, Abibat Asabi^1*, Alabi, Aderemi  Babatunde² and Oni Adewale Adeola³

^1&3Department of Physics, Al Hikmah University, Ilorin-Nigeria, PMB 1601, Ilorin

²Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

Email: aadekoya@alhikmah.edu.ng

Corresponding Author: Adekoya, Abibat Asabi

ABSTRACT

The performance of CIGS thin film based solar cell was investigated using a simulation program called Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS 1-D) with variation of thickness of the absorber layer and metal back contacts. The cell structures were based on CIGS semiconductors as the absorber layer, ITO/ZnO as the front contact and CdS as the window layer. The simulation results illustrate that the optimum thickness of the absorber layer with an energy bandgap of 1.1eV should be within 3000nm-3500nm (3-3.5 µm) for a good performance of the solar cell giving efficiency of 16.95% and 17.07% using the common molybdenum back contact. It was also revealed that  platinum metal back contacts is preferable due to its non toxic nature when compared with molybdenum and  gives a cell with the highest efficiency of 18.44% with just a few thickness of 1000nm compared to palladium and gold metal back contacts with highest efficiency of 11.44%  and 14.49% at 2500nm and 3000nm respectively.

Keywords: CdS, CIGS, ITO, Thin film, and ZnO

On use of Simple Linear Regression Models

Wokoma Dagogo S.A.&Innocent Uchenna Amadi

Department of Mathematics/Statistics

Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rumuola, Rivers State

Corresponding Author: Wokoma Dagogo S.A.

ABSTRACT

In this paper we focused on simple linear regression modeling techniques to Nigerian Oil Export between the periods of 2004-2013 obtained from statistical bulletin. Our result shows that there is a direct linear relationship between Oil Export(X) and Gross domestic product(Y).The coefficient of determination provided a good summary of the total variability explained by the chosen fitted model. We also observe that Oil export is statistically significant due to the fact that Oil export plays a key role in the economic growth of Nigeria. Hence the proposed model =58123.115+0.723x is found to be adequate.

Keywords: Regression Analysis, forecasting, Oil Export, Modeling and Nigeria.