Category Archives: International Journal of Medical Science and Applied Biosciences 2016

CONTENT

Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungi Activity of Aloe Vera Leaf

Ikpe Vitalis, PhD & Mbaoji Pamela

Department of Biochemistry

Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria

Email: ikpeforsuccess@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The medicinal and other claimed uses of Aloe vera, the “wonder plant”, are endless. The extract for phytochemical analysis was collected in three different solvents, diethyl ether, ethanol and distilled water. The anti-fungal activities of the leaf extract were investigated on selected fungi organisms; Trycophytum rubrum, penicillum notatum, Trycophytum vericophytum, Trycophytum soundanense, claudosporium and Trycophytum mentagrophytis collected from Mycology Laboratory, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. The plant extract was collected crude without solvent and agar-well diffusion method employed for the determination of antifungal activities on the test organisms using 200milligram ketoconazole drug as standard. The phytochemical constituents of aloe vera leaf include alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, phenol, glycosides and tannins. Both undiluted and half diluted crude extract showed different zones of inhibition on the test organisms. The undiluted crude extract of Aloe vera had larger zone of inhibition on Trycophytum rubrum and Trycophytum mentagrophytis than the diluted crude extract while the diluted crude extract showed larger zone of inhibition on Trycophytum vericopytum than the undiluted crude extract.

Keywords: Aloe Vera, leaf, constituents, antifungal properties.

Knowledge and Practice of Patient Activation in achieving Quality Nursing Care in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria

¹Mfuh Anita Yafeh; ¹Love M& ²Lukong C.S.

¹Department of Nursing Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

²Paediatric Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Usman Danfolio University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto

Email: yaanita@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study aimed at determining the knowledge and practice of patient activation in achieving quality nursing care for patients by nurses in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. The study assesses nurse’s knowledge about patient activation, the practice of patient activation by nurses in the hospital and identify barriers to patient activation by nurses.A cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. Questionnaire was the instrument for data collection.  Data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Results were presented in frequency distribution tables with percentages. The result showed that 51.4% of the respondents had heard of patient activation. More than half (73.5%) practiced patient activation.  Majority (69.2%) of the respondents identified more than one barrier to patient activation. Some barriers identified include; time constraint (14.6%), lack of knowledge (4.9%), diverse background (4.3%), inadequate personnels (2.7%) and language barrier (2.7%) among others. It was therefore recommended that more enlightenment should be carried out among the nurses to improve the practice of patient activation. The management should employ more nurses so that they can have time for the practice of patient activation.

Key words: Activation, Knowledge, Patient, Practice, Quality Care,

Maternal and Child Health Related Millennium Development Goals: Target Year Achievement in Nigeria

Margaret Omowaleola Akinwaare

Department of Nursing

Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine

University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Email: omoakinayaakin@gmail.com

Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors of Civil Servants in Abeokuta, South West, Nigeria

¹Nupo Sunday Sedodo*;² Oguntona Clara Berstein & ³Oguntona Babatunde &⁴Akinloye, Oluseyi.Adeboye

1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ojere, Nigeria

^2,3Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

⁴Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

Email: sundaynupo@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases are now becoming dominant sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed at assessing the cardiovascular risks of civil servants. A cross sectional study was carried out among five hundred (500) randomly selected civil servants in Abeokuta. Venus blood sample of selected subjects were collected to determine their total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Information on food intake was obtained using 24- hour dietary recall techniques. Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) was calculated from anthropometric measurements to determine abdominal obesity. Cardiovascular Risk was assessed using American Heart Diseases software Version10.CIR.100.13.1481. LDL/ HDL ratio was calculated according to the method described by Fischbach, (2000). Hypertension prevalence among men was3%, 2% of the male subjects had diabetes mellitus, 2% of women had hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. Twenty percent of the subjects consumed alcohol. Majority (99%) of the subjects had borderline at herogenic risk, out of which 50% were men. The cardiovascular risk predictive models adopted in the study showed that cardiovascular risk factors are at a primordial stage in the study population. Nutrition education should be given to the subjects on the needs for prevention of cardiovascular diseases and the importance of regular exercise should be emphasized to civilservants in the State.

Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Abdominal Obesity, Serum Cholesterol, Hypercholesterolaemia, Civil Servants

An Evaluative Study of Undiagnosed Hypertension and its Risk Factors among Physiotherapists in Kano Metropolis: North Western Nigeria

Farida Garba Sumaila¹ Aishat Shittu¹ Abdullahi Salisu Nata’ala²

Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano

Department of Physiotherapy, Muhammad AbdullahiWase Specialist Hospital, Kano

E-mail: fareedat2006@gmail.com, fgsumaila.pth@buk.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is a major health problem World-wide that causes about 7.1 million death per year and 4.5% of the disease burden which translates to 64 million disability adjusted life years. This study assessed the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension (HTN) among physiotherapists in Kano Metropolis. The cross sectional survey recruited a total of 30 physiotherapists from Kano Metropolis. The height, body weight, and blood pressure (BP) of the subjects were measured using a standard protocol and recorded. The data obtained were summarized using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, percentages and frequencies; and analysed with inferential statistics of Mann Whitney U  to determine gender difference at probability level of 0.05 Using SPSS version 16.0.The result obtained shows that that were 63.3% male and 36.7% female physiotherapist. Only 8 (26.7%) have prior history of HTN and none was having undiagnosed HTN. There was no significant difference in BP between male and male participants. It was concluded that no Physiotherapist in Kano is undiagnosed of HTN and there is no gender difference in their BP, history of HTN and clinic visits.

Keywords: Hypertension, Physiotherapists, Kano Metropolis

The Challenges of Anatomy Education among Medical Students in Nigeria

S. G. Obaje¹; A.O. Egwu²; G. G. Akunna³; G.C. Uzomba⁴ and I.G. Itoro⁵

      Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences

Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Eboniyi State, Nigeria

Email: obaje199@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Until recently, the failure rates of anatomy education across Nigerian universities received huge attention from the higher authorities and solution to this medical challenge is required. The aim of the study investigated the anatomy challenges among medical students in Nigeria. A total of 300 self administered questionnaires, 20 were pretested and noticeable suggestions from respondents were put into consideration. Informed consent was read and signed by the participants before the study. This study was conducted from Nov.2015 to Sept. 2016 on 200, 300 and 400L of anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences (FBMS), Federal Universality Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki Ebonyi State, Nigeria. About 2% of the students actually applied through Joint Admission Matriculation Board, the organ of admissions to universities to study anatomy, the reasons given were: 75% students believed MBBS have societal respect than anatomy. 20.7% of the students agreed to continue anatomy education after 1^st degree. While 90.3% of the students blamed federal government for poor interest in anatomy education, 48.3% of the students reasoned that anatomy is not lucrative. Also, 52.3% of the students wanted academic year of anatomy education be increased, reason given that quality time to professionalized the program. Anatomy education in Nigeria is met with serious challenges ranging from poor teaching, lack of zeal for anatomy education and unemployment among the degree holders of anatomy. Hence, the continuity of anatomy education in Nigeria would be difficult across universities if urgent action is not taking.

Outcomes of Formal and Informal Nursing Mentorship Programs in Kenya Public Universities

Dr. Sherry Oluchina

Senior Lecturer, School of Nursing

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya

ABSTRACT

Mentorship was a one to one reciprocal nurturing relationship between a more experienced and knowledgeable mentor and a less experienced mentee. A mentor was a person who had expertise in the areas of need identified by the mentee and was able to share the wisdom in a nurturing way. A mentee was someone seeking guidance in developing specific competencies, self awareness and skills in early intervention. The study aim was to evaluate outcomes of formal and informal nursing mentorship programs in Kenya public universities. This was a descriptive and exploratory cross-sectional evaluative study. It used both qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection where 305 mentees and mentors participated. Qualitative data collection utilised focus group discussions, while quantitative utilised questionnaires. In quantitative data collection method, simple random sampling was used while in qualitative, purposive and snowball non probability samplings were used to select participants.  Exploratory data analysis was used to summarize quantitative data. For qualitative data analysis, thematic content analysis was done. The outcomes of formal and informal mentorship programs that were reported were nursing profession, nursing program and personal growths. Nursing profession growth was the outcome that was highly rated by almost more than a half (52.3%) of respondents. On nursing profession growth, averagely (67%) of mentees passed the national nursing council exam; more than a half (50%) of nurse mentors reported quality of nursing care given to patients by mentees improved;  and less than 50% of mentors reported they got promotions. On nursing programs growth, there was a fairly constant rate in recruitments and retention of mentees and mentors. On personal growth, there was improved personal satisfaction, accountability and responsibility, morale, self confidence, knowledge and skills, and development of connectedness and everlasting friendships. The study therefore recommended that, all the stakeholders should be encouraged to evaluate nursing mentorship programs in institutions’ of higher learning. On the other hand, stakeholders should create, implement and update useful mentorship programs evaluation tools. Policy makers should act to their best to secure mentorship programs and produce laws that favours their implementation and evaluation. For further studies, this study recommended, study to assess relational and reciprocal outcomes such as personal growth, interdependence and connectedness.

Key words:

Evaluation, Mentees, Mentors, and Mentorship

Prevalence of Sport Injuries and Patterns of Management among Amateur Footballers in Tarauni Local Government Area

      Farida Garba Sumaila¹;   Musa Kani Zakari¹ & Sulaiman Salisu Sulaiman²

¹Physiotherapist/ Lecturer, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano

²Physiotherapist, Department of Physiotherapy, Muhammad AbdullahiWase Specialist Hospital, Kano

E-mail: fareedat2006@gmail.com, fgsumaila.pth@buk.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Sport injuries have afflicted athletes and are recognized as a cause of absence from matches and training and to some extent a cause of loss of carrier and deformities. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of sport injuries and patterns of management among the local footballers in Tarauni Local Government area.A total of 100 post season injury questionnaires were administered to the Amateur footballers in Tarauni L.G.A that are sampled using purposive sampling technique, completed questionnaires were retrieved successfully, the data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution and percentages. It was shown that there was high prevalence of sport injuries among the participants whose age ranged 15-30 years, most of the players were at senior secondary (42%) or tertiary institutions (58%), the result showed a high prevalence of hamstring injuries (49%) and toes injuries (43%) in the lower extremities, wrist and hand injuries (33%)and shoulder injuries(30%) in the upper extremities. The highest risk factor for sport injuries was the nature of playing field (99%) among the participants. The players managed their injuries using first aid(53%) and traditional means(46%), but do not usually treat it using physiotherapy means.  It was concluded that, there was high prevalence of sport injuries among the local footballers in Tarauni Local Government and majority use of first aid and traditional means of managing sport injuries. It was recommended that, there is need to orient and educate amateur footballers in Tarauni L.G.A about the risk factors and causes of sport injuries and to educate them on the roles of physiotherapy in the managements of sport injuries.