Category Archives: International Journal of Social Sciences and Conflict Management 2016

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S/N	Title	Authors	Pages
1	Calcium, Iron and Protein Levels in Human Breast Milk, Cow Milk and Baby Formula	Ikpe Vitalis,PhD	1-8
2	Rapid Access Hetero-Amino Derivatives of Angular Phenoxazine Dye	1Ojarikre Enoo & 2Uchechukwu C. Okoro	9-24
3	Water Security and Groundwater Accessibility in Bagwai and Shanono LGAs of Kano State, Nigeria	1Amir Abdulazeez*, 2 Garba K/Naisa Adamu, 3Atiku A. Ahmed and 4Faiz T. Isma’il	25-43
4	Comparative Assessment of the Microbial and Nutritional Qualities of Wara (Cheese) Produced from Cow Milk and Soybean Milk	1Noah, Abimbola A. & 1Oduwobi, Oludayo O.	44-56
5	Effects of Alkaline Treatment on Flexural Strength and Hardness Values of Okra Bast Fibre/Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites	Ahmed TijjaniSule*; Hindatu Umar Idris; Abu S. Lawal, & Abdullahi Danladi	57-69
6	Cracking the Renewal Energy Potential in Nigeria: Solar Energy in Perspective	Omame Onyebuchy Bernard; Ufomba Emmanuel. C ; Eke Uzoma Ronald & Efobi Daniel I.	70-86
7	Variation of Viscosity and Activation Energy Change of Various Amount of Bi-Solute Mixture in Distilled Water via a Locally Constructed Viscometer	1Dikko A. B., 2Samaila H., 3Edwin Eyube	87-95

Calcium, Iron and Protein Levels in Human Breast Milk, Cow Milk and Baby Formula

Ikpe Vitalis,PhD

Department of Biochemistry

Caritas University, Emene Enugu, Nigeria

Email: ikpeforsuccess@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This research work investigated quantitatively the calcium, iron and protein levels in human breast milk, cow milk and baby formula (cowbell) to find the extent to which cow milk and/or infant formula can be used as replacement or supplement to human breast milk. Thirty samples comprising human breast milk from ten nursing mothers, cow milk from ten lactating cows and ten commercially purchased infant formulas were analyzed for protein, iron and calcium concentrations with Chemwell chemistry Autoanalyser. The study revealed a mean protein concentration of 1.48±0.46g/100ml in human breast milk, 3.57 ± 0.23g/100ml in cow milk and 1.40 ± 0.14g/100ml in infant formula.  Mean iron concentrations were 0.38 ± 0.17mg/100ml in human breast milk, 0.64 ± 0.15mg/100ml in cow milk and 1.38 ± 0.39mg/100ml in infant formula. Calcium concentration was higher in human breast milk than in cow milk and infant formula.

Keywords: Human breast milk, cow milk, infant formula, comparison.

Rapid Access Hetero-Amino Derivatives of Angular Phenoxazine Dye

¹Ojarikre Enoo & ²Uchechukwu C. Okoro

¹Department of Industrial Chemistry, Madonna University, Elele Campus, Rivers State, Nigeria

²Department of Pure Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

Email: ojasmotivation@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The synthesis of nine hetero-amino derivatives of the angular phenoxazine, 6-chlorobenzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one is reported. New hetero-amino derivatives of 6-chlorobenzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one dye were obtained via palladium catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross coupling reactions.  This was achieved by first synthesizing the intermediate, 6-chlorobenzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one by anhydrous base-catalyzed condensation reaction between 2-aminophenol and 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone. Palladium acetate catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross coupling of the intermediate with various readily available amines via water mediated catalyst preactivation procedure in a mixture of 1:1 mixture of toluene and N,N-dimethylformamide as solvent and 1,4-bis(2-hydroxy -3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)piperazine ligand at a temperature of 110^oC yielded the previously unknown highly coloured amino derivatives in good yields. Structural assignments were established by spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1H and ¹³C NMR).

Keywords: Hetero-amino, angular phenoxazine, preactivation, water-mediated, Buchwald-Hartwig, cross coupling.

Water Security and Groundwater Accessibility in Bagwai and Shanono LGAs of Kano State, Nigeria

¹Amir Abdulazeez*, ² Garba K/Naisa Adamu, ³Atiku A. Ahmed and ⁴Faiz T. Isma’il

^1&2 Department of Geography & Regional Planning, Federal University, Dutsinma, Nigeria

³ PhD Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria

⁴ School of Languages, Federal College of Education, Kano

*Email: abdulazeezamir@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

The Watari region which covers both Bagwai and Shanono among six other local government areas in Kano State is one of the places with the highest availability of both surface and groundwater resources in the state. However, the condition of supply and accessibility particularly in the research’s study area is not in conformity with availability. The research used interviews with relevant stakeholders and questionnaire survey for residents to determine domestic water sources and the condition of groundwater and other sources supply, accessibility and security in Bagwai and Shanono Local Governments in Kano State. Borehole yield per minute was also measured. Existing researches on groundwater potential of the area and Kano State as a whole from WRECA, KNARDA and H-JRBDA were studied as well as some GIS-based groundwater assessment researches conducted in the area. The research found out that groundwater potential does not correspond to supply in most of the villages. Water in terms of availability, accessibility and quality was found to be inadequate in most of the villages studied leading the residents to be water insecure.The research recommended the provision of sustainable pipe borne water through the Watari Dam to ameliorate the sufferings of the people in the areas and to ease the pressure on groundwater resources and create room for replenishment in few years.

Keywords: Water Sources, Water Security, Groundwater, Water Supply, Water Accessibility

Comparative Assessment of the Microbial and Nutritional Qualities of Wara (Cheese) Produced from Cow Milk and Soybean Milk

¹Noah, Abimbola A. & ¹Oduwobi, Oludayo O.

¹Department of Food Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State

¹Science Laboratory Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State

Email: adukechoix@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

An investigation was carried out to determine the microbial and nutritional analyses of ‘wara’ (cheese) from cow milk and soybean milk. The aim of this study was to compare the microbial quality and proximate composition of cow milk cheese with soy milk cheese. Microbial analyses of the two samples after production showed total bacteria count of 1.0×10⁴cfu/g with no growth of Salmonella, Coliforms, Staphylococcus and fungi. After7days, the results shows that cheese from cow milk has the higher total bacteria count, Staphylococcus count and fungi count which are23.5×10⁴cfu/g, 9.5×10⁴cfu/g, 12.5×10⁴cfu/g while cheese from soymilk had 18.5×10⁴cfu/g, 5.5×10⁴cfu/g, 2.5×10⁴cfu/g and a high coliform count of 4×10⁴cfu/g than cow milk cheese with 1.5×10⁴cfu/g, there was no growth of Salmonella. The overall assessment shows that the total microbial count did not exceed the standard, hence; the cheese is good and safe for consumption. Proximate analysis shows that, fat content is lower and protein content is higher in soymilk cheese 6.01+0.04, 13.09+0.01than cow milk cheese with 6.13+0.03, 12.75+0.01.  Moisture, ash, fat and total carbohydrate are significantly higher in cow milk cheese than soymilk cheese. Crude fiber was not found in both samples. This research work shows that the samples are good sources of valuable nutrients because of their nutritional qualities.

Keywords: Cheese, soybean milk, cow milk, microbial analysis

Effects of Alkaline Treatment on Flexural Strength and Hardness Values of Okra Bast Fibre/Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites

Ahmed TijjaniSule*; Hindatu Umar Idris; Abu S. Lawal, & Abdullahi Danladi

Department of Textile Technology and Fashion, Kano State Polytechnic, Kano-Nigeria

Department of Art and Industrial Design, Kano State Polytechnic, Kano-Nigeria

Department of Polymer and Textile Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria

Email: amirgetso@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Composites of okra bast fibre (OBF) reinforced unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was produced using the hand layup technique. The fibres were treated with of 5%, 10% and 15% concentrations of NaOH solutions and composites were prepared with variations in filler content. The composites were subjected to tests to evaluate their mechanical properties. Tensile strength, young’s modulus, flexural and hardness were found to increase with increase in filler content and NaOH concentration. This could be due to better interfacial bonding between the OBF and UPR. 

Keywords: Okra bast fibre, unsaturated polyester resin, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, Hardness, and flexural strength.

Cracking the Renewal Energy Potential in Nigeria: Solar Energy in Perspective

Omame Onyebuchy Bernard; Ufomba Emmanuel C; Eke Uzoma Ronald & Efobi Daniel. I

Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu Nigeria

Email: buchydifference@yahoo.com; ecufomba@yahoo.com;

               uzotido@yahoo.com & danfobis@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The supply and demand of energy determine the course of global development in every sphere of human activity. Solar radiation from the Sun is capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating   electricity. The Sun is an extremely powerful energy source, and sunlight is by far the largest source of energy received by the Earth, but its intensity at the Earth’s surface is actually quite low. The sunlight that reaches the ground consists of nearly 50 percent visible light, 45 percent infrared radiation, and smaller amounts of ultraviolet and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation can be converted either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical energy. Two main types of devices are used to capture solar energy and convert it to thermal energy: flat-plate collectors and concentrating collectors. Solar radiation may be converted directly into electricity by solar cells (photovoltaic cells). Sunlight provides by far the largest of all carbon-neutral energy sources. More energy from sunlight strikes the Earth in one hour (4.3 × 10²⁰ J) than all the energy consumed on the planet in a year (4.1 × 10²⁰ J). Yet, in Nigeria, solar radiation provided less than 0.1% of the country’s energy needs. The importance of this pervasive problem and the perplexing technical difficulty of solving it require a concerted national effort marshalling our most advanced scientific and technological capabilities. All routes for utilizing solar energy exploit the functional steps of capture, conversion, and storage. This research work on Solar Energy Utilization in Nigeria identifies the key scientific challenges and research directions that will enable efficient and economic use of the solar resource to provide a significant fraction of primary energy in the country by the mid 21st century.

Key words: Radiation, Technology, Renewal, Application, Solar, Thermal.

Variation of Viscosity and Activation Energy Change of Various Amount of Bi-Solute Mixture in Distilled Water via a Locally Constructed Viscometer

¹Dikko A. B., ²Samaila H., ³Edwin Eyube

^{1, 2, 3}Department of Physics, School of Pure and Applied Sciences

 Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

¹Emails: abdikkozabi@gmail.com dikkobura@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Time of flow, viscosity coefficients,, change in activation energies of distilled water and mixtures of powdered peak milk and glucose in water solutions were determined through a simple constructed capillary viscometer. It was observed that the viscosity coefficients and activation energy change increased linearly with increase in solute concentration in the solvent. Likewise, the activation energy change shows a linear relationship with viscosity at 308 K.

Keywords: Viscosity, Activation energy, Distilled water, Peak milk, Glucose, Mixture, Concentration

CONTENTS

S/N	Title	Name of Authors	Pages
1	Effect of Financial Leverage on Company Performance: A Study of Selected Quoted Companies in Nigeria	Anetoh, John Chidume & Anetoh, Vivian Chioma	1-40
2	Influence of Talent Management on Staff Retention and Banking Performance	Sunday Moses Okebaram, Ph.D & Amobi Ubabuike Maxwell, Ph.D	41-85
3	An Assessment of Settler’s Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Development in the North-Western Nigeria	Ali Shariff Kabara & Muhammad Yunusa Salisu	86-104
4	Understanding Friendship as Social Discourse	Abga Maina Mackson	105-181
5	Peace and Political Stability as Prerequisite for Sustainable Development: A Reflection of the “Pax Romana”.	Dr (Mrs) Akah Josephine	182-205
6	Female Characteristics and Performance in Leadership: Impact of Irreconcilable Differences	Obisi, Chris (Ph. D)  & Ifekwem, N. E. (Ph. D)	206-231
7	Effects of Herders and Farmers Conflicts on Food Production: A Study of Doma Local Government Area of Nasarawa State Nigeria	Ojo, S. Stephen, PhD	232-249
8	Rapid Dry-up of Dudi Lake in Malunfashi Local Government Area of Katsina State	Ogwu, Friday Adejoh & Radda, Ibrahim Abubakar	250-271

Effect of Financial Leverage on Company Performance: A Study of Selected Quoted Companies in Nigeria

Anetoh, John Chidume

Department of Marketing

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Nigeria

E-mail: anetohjohn@yahoo.com

&

Anetoh, Vivian Chioma

Department of Accountancy

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Nigeria

E-mail: anetohvivian@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This work examined the effect of financial leverage on company performance: A Study of selected quoted companies in Nigeria. The main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of financial leverage on company performance using selected quoted companies in Nigeria for the period 2010-2015. The specific objectives of this work were aimed at determining the extent to which debt to total asset, debt to equity ratio, short-term debt to total asset, long-term debt to total asset and the interaction of debt to total asset and debt to equity ratio have affected performance of selected quoted companies in Nigeria. Five research questions and five hypotheses were formulated to achieve the objectives of this study. Multiple Regression Analysis using Ordinary Least Square statistical techniques was used to test the fitness of the model as well as the five hypotheses formulated for this study. Secondary data were employed in this work for analysis which were collected from Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact book and financial statement of the ten selected quoted companies. Among the five hypotheses tested; null hypothesis two was accepted while null hypotheses one, three, four, five were rejected. The results revealed that debt to equity ratio has no significant effect on company performance while debt to total asset, short-term debt to total asset, long-term debt to total asset and the interaction of debt to total asset and debt to equity ratio have significant effect on company performance measured by return on equity. The major findings revealed that debt-equity ratio has no significant effect on company performance while debt ratio, short-term debt to total asset, long-term debt to total asset and the interaction of debt to total asset and debt-equity ratio have significant effect on company performance. This work therefore concludes that debt to equity ratio has not contributed to high performance of selected quoted companies in Nigeria while debt to total asset, short-term debt to total asset, long-term debt to total asset and the interaction of debt to total asset and debt to equity ratio have contributed significantly to the performance of selected quoted companies in Nigeria. The study recommends among others that an appropriate debt-equity mix should be adopted by quoted companies if they must improve their financial performance, survive and remain competitive in business.

Keywords: Financial leverage, Company performance, Quoted Companies, Nigeria