Category Archives: International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Scientific Discovery 2016

CONTENT

Reliability and Improvement of Electric Power Generation

and Distribution (Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria as a Case Study)

Oshin, Ola Austin……………………………………………………..8

Kinetic Study of Watermelon (Citrulluslanatus) Peel Conversion to Glucose by Trichoderma reesei

Kiman Silas, Wadinda J. Mamza and Highina B. Kwaji…………………26

Comparative Analysis of Coconut Husk Ash (CHA) with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) to Determine the Pozzolanic Property of Coconut Husk Ash (CHA)

Egbe F. O. & ²Oyekan G. L………………………………..………………37

The Cost Effect of Machine Unbalance on Condition- Based Maintenance: (A Case Study of Obajana Cement Plc, Obajana)

¹Okon Bassey Akpanenang, ²Ogakwu Paul Andrew, ³Okpanachi George Echiye……48

Drying Behaviour of Mudskipper (Periophthalmus gobiidae) 

Burubai, W…………………………………………………………………..60

Electronic Commerce and Cyber Fraud in Nigeria: an Appraisal

Akintunde Abidemi Adebayo………………………………………………74

Reliability and Improvement of Electric Power Generation and Distribution (Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria as a Case Study)

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,

Elizade University, IIara-mokin, ondo

Email: austin.oshin@elizadeuniversity.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

The present unreliable and erratic power supply is a pointer to the fact that there is a great need for fault evaluation and reliability studies of electric power system in the Nigeria. The recent blackout in the country has grounded many activities and has destroyed many industrial processes. Also, the power industries face a lot of problems. Some of the highest priority issues being generation of sufficient power, urgent clearance of faults, adequate protection and increase reliability of the system,  that is, bringing a steady uninterrupted power supply to the consumers. The Nigerian power problem resulted to incessant planned, forced and unplanned outages. In addition, it has resulted to erratic and unreliable supply of electricity in the country. It has reduced productivity and has increased unemployment rate in the country to over 40million (this figure is over 70% of Nigerian youths. It has led many of the youths in the country to crime. It has led many of the deaths of many innocent people in the country.  Hence, an analytical method is developed to assess the dynamic- reliability of the distribution system, as well as optimizes the occurrence of faults along each of the individual consumer point in a feeder in order to improve the performance of the system. This research publication therefore evaluates the occurrence of faults which is about 856 occurrences during a period of 8 years and outages which range between 1118 to 3785 hours per annum along the distribution lines, also the failure rates of each of the feeders were analyzed in order to improve on the supply of electricity in the distribution network. The reliability of the system which ranges between 8.57*10^-12to 9.548*10^-5 were analyzed; and fault clearing techniques were carried out. Efforts were made to adequately assess the failure rates of the feeders which range between 0.003 and 0.001 and reliability of the distribution system. Efforts were also made to improve the performance of the system. As a result, it was possible to establish improvement techniques which ensure adequate and constant supply of electricity to all the consumers for industrial growth and employment: a basic solution to increasing crime rate in the country.

Keywords: Fault Evaluation, Power Distribution Network, Reliability, Failure Rates, Outages

Kinetic Study of Watermelon (Citrulluslanatus) Peel Conversion to Glucose by Trichoderma reesei

Kiman Silas, Wadinda J. Mamza and Highina B. Kwaji

Department of Chemical Engineering,

University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri

Email: silaskeeman1@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In this work, the kinetic study of watermelon dry peel powder using crude enzyme from Trichoderma reseei in glucose production was investigated. Enzymes from Trichoderma reseei were used for the hydrolysis and the effect of mycelium cell loading and substrate concentration were studied. Effect of mycelium mass loading of the range 0.5g to 3g at constant substrate concentration shows an increase in glucose production as mycelium mass increases. Glucose concentration increases from 0.506793 g/l to 0.974228 g/l as substrate concentration increases from 0.5g to 2.5g respectively. The initial rates method was adopted in estimating the kinetic parameters using Michaelis-Menten model.  The Three selected models: Michaelis-Menten kinetic model, Lineweaver-Burk, Langmuir and Eadie-Hofstee were used to estimate the values of kinetic parameters. The experiment conducted adequately followed Michaelis-Menten kinetic model where the kinetic parameters .hr while.

Keywords: Feedstock, Cellulose, Energy demand, Waste, Enzyme, Kinetic Parameters, Pretreated

Comparative Analysis of Coconut Husk Ash (CHA) with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) to Determine the Pozzolanic Property of Coconut Husk Ash (CHA)

¹Egbe F. O. & ²Oyekan G. L.

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Igbinedion University, Okada

²Department of Civil Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka,

Email: francisegbe@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

This research was conducted to develop new kinds of pozzolana from recycled materials. The study investigated the suitability of Coconut Husk Ash (CHA) as a pozzolana. Series of tests were carried out to determine the pozzolanic properties of Coconut Husk Ash (CHA) as compared with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Tests conducted include: chemical analysis of CHA and OPC, particle size analysis of sand, specific gravity of CHA, OPC and sand, Bulk density of CHA, OPC and sand. To determine the pozzolanic nature of CHA, comparative chemical analysis was conducted on samples of CHA and OPC in the Chemistry Lab of the University of Lagos. Test results revealed that CHA when compared with OPC possesses slight amount of pozzolanic properties and showed some similarities in specific gravity and bulk density tests, hence may be used to partially replace OPC in sandcrete block production.  The study therefore submits that Coconut Husk Ash is slightly pozzolanic and may be used as partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in sandcrete block production.

Key words: Coconut Husk Ash (CHA), Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), sand.

The Cost Effect of Machine Unbalance on Condition- Based Maintenance: (A Case Study of Obajana Cement Plc, Obajana)

¹Okon Bassey Akpanenang, ²Ogakwu Paul Andrew, ³Okpanachi George Echiye

1,3Centre for Satellite Technology Development, Abuja

 ²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Idah, Kogi State

Email: okpanachi1976@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Machine failures are often rapid on equipment’s when unbalance is above severity level. Unbalance above severity level generates other machine defects like bearing deterioration and production lost.  Reducing cost is sometimes an overlooked aspect of maintenance. However, a maintenance organization can help a company reduce costs in many ways. For example, a change in maintenance policy may lengthen production run times without damaging the equipment. This change reduces maintenance cost and at the same, increases production capacity. By examining its practices, maintenance can always make adjustments in tools, training, repair procedures, and work planning, all of which can reduce the amount of labor or materials that may be required to perform a specific job. Understanding machine languages help in the determination of equipment health condition through vibration analysis. Vibration analysis is a tool in condition based maintenance use to evaluate the condition of equipment in order to control the sudden failures of equipment in the plant. Vibration analysis is an effective tool in the determination of unbalance using software developed to evaluate the machine defects. This analysis is made using the software to determine the defects before threat starts on the machine and repair can be planned. Unplanned maintenance can be minimized by planning and scheduling of any defect equipment’s requiring for repairs during planned maintenance. Therefore, unbalance becomes an important equipment defects to monitor in condition Base Maintenance in other to obtain maximum “equipment’s and production” Reliability and optimization. This aspect of condition monitoring does not only solve equipment problems, but makes maintenance less stressful as maintenance can be properly planned or scheduled.

Keywords: vibration, maintenance, reliability, scheduling and balancing

Drying Behaviour of Mudskipper (Periophthalmus gobiidae)

Burubai, W.

Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering,Faculty of Engineering,

Niger Delta University, P.M.B. 071, Wilberforce Island,                              Bayelsa State, Nigeria

E-mail: ebiburu@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The drying behaviour of Mudskipper (Periophthalmus gobiidae) was investigated using the oven method. Results show that the drying of mudskipper was influence by temperature and it was also observed that the falling rate period dominated the entire drying process. The effective moisture diffusivity was determined using Fick’s second law and the values ranged from 5.178×10^–5m²/s to 1.005×10^–5m²/s for temperatures 60^oC to 100^oC respectively. The temperature dependence of effective moisture diffusivity obeyed the Arrhenius Law with activation energy of 27.44KJ/mol.

Keywords: mudskipper, drying, moisture diffusivity, activation energy, moisture content  

Electronic Commerce and Cyber Fraud in Nigeria: an Appraisal

Akintunde Abidemi Adebayo

LL.B (Hons.) (Ilorin, Nigeria), B.L (NLS, Abuja, NIgeria), LL.M (Aberdeen, UK), Doctoral Candidate, Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. Email: akintunde_adebayo@yahoo.co.uk (or) akintunde.adebayo@aaua.edu.ng,

ABSTRACT

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has grown on such a large scale that there is no commercial activity you cannot embark upon within your house or business premises.  This rapid growth in e-commerce has attracted a lot of sellers and buyers alike. There is  the evolvement of smart phones, tablets and palm tops which enable the users to buy and pay for things online, do internet banking, pay their bills or to even make a bet anywhere and at any time.  These innovations have brought convenience and also contributed to the quality of life of users. The main and distinctive advantage of e-commerce is that it has made life much more convenient for people and also removed various forms of barrier to trade since e-commerce could be conducted through various media. There is also the evolvement of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM), which has largely reduced queues which dominate financial institutions in the past. Now you can deposit or withdraw money without need to physically face a cashier in the banking hall. Despite the benefits and advantages of e-commerce, this technological advancement in the business world is still plagued by some challenges and the major one being security.  This paper will therefore, examine electronic commerce, its advantages, and the issue of security as a major challenge and concludes with suggestions and recommendations.

Key words: E-commerce, Security, Fraud, Encryption and Password.