Level of Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (Pahs) in Ogegele River

¹Akor J. A &Dr. ²Abdulrazaq Yahaya

¹Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa

²Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University

ABSTRACT

This present study was conducted to ascertain the potential health risk on the contamination of Ogegeleriver in Kogi State during raining season. This will help to monitor the extent of such contamination brought about by this toxic substances from PAHs. Four sampling sites of about 200 m apart were analyzed and the content of 13 priority PAHs was determined.Polyaromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs) are harmful chemical and are among the nasty classified persistent organic pollutants(POPs) by United Nation Environmental protection(UNEP).They are potential immune suppressant and carcinogenic when contacted in edible substances such as food and water.In this study, water samples were collected in an amber glass bottle,preserved with 5mL of hydrochloric acid(1:1),stored in an ice-chests at 4 prior to analysis.PAHs wre extracted by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using methylene chloride,subjection to silica gel column clean up and analysed with gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID).The concentrations in( g/L) of PAHs are as follows:Naphthalene(33.12-130.2),Acenaphthylene(1.91-43.6),chrysene(0.90-31.1),Benz[a]anthracene(1.13-74.4),pyrene(0.83-16.5),Acenaphthene(0.42-12.2),flouranthene(3.10-25.5),Anthracene(1.03-10.3),phenanthrene(0.88-8.80),Benzo[a]pyrene(0.09-4.60),Benzo[k]flouranthene(0.11-4.60),Benzo[b] flouranthene(0.08-4.80),flourene(0.73-12.0),O-Terphenyl(3.40-4.87),indenol[1,2,3-cd] pyrene(0.3-7.13),Dibenz[a,h] anthracene(0.36-0.51),Benzo[g,h,i] perylene(0.17-0.26).The study discovered that the level of concentrations of PAHs were above the Maximum Allowable Concentration of 0.2g/L (ATDRS 2019).Conclusively,the water body was found to be grossly polluted with PAHs.Hence, there is need for proper control of human activities that could lead to such pollution in the river in order to keep the water hygienic for human consumption and aquatic life.

Line Losses Minimization in Electrical Power Network Using Matlab

Alozie Innocent&EmekaEzeji

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,

Abia State Polytechnic, Aba 

Email: innocent_alozie@yahoo.com; engrezeji@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

With the increasing size of power system, there is a thrust on finding the solution to maximize the utilization of existing system and to provide adequate voltage support. For this the flexibility of power is needed. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) if placed optimally can be effective in providing voltage support, controlling power flow and in turn resulting into lower losses. The algorithm to find the optimal location of TCSC and STATCOM based on genetic algorithm has been developed. The effect of these devices on line flows and bus voltage profile has been studied by placing at random location and placing them optimally with optimal ratings dictated by genetic algorithm.

Keywords: Transmission, FACTS devices, Losses, optimization, compensator

An Example of Intervention: The Case of Ukraine Because of Russian Invasion

¹Ette Harrison Etuk, ²Unyime Patrick Udoudo, ³Godwin Nwafor Onyeka

¹Department of Mathematics, Rivers State University,Port Harcourt

²Department of Mathematics / Statistics, Akwa Ibom State PolytechnicIkot Osurua,

³Department of Statistics,Federal University of TechnologyOwerri

Email: etuk.ette@ust.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

For more than a month now Russia has invaded Ukraine militarily. That in itself is an intervention. A lot of time series will show intervention because of this sudden and, perhaps, unexpected attack.  A look at the time series of Ukranian Hryvnia (UAH)/ Nigerian Naira(NGN) from 1 January 2022 to 13 March 2022 shows the emergence of an intervention on 24 February 2022 the day of the invasion. By 13 March 2022 the intervention was still existent. By the algorithm of Box and Tiao (1975) a model of intervention is fitted to the data and shown to be adequate.  This will be useful for planning purposes.

Keywords: Ukrainian Hyrvnia (UAH), Nigerian Naira (NGN), exchange rates, intervention, Russian invasion

Territoriality And Territorial Conflict In North Central Nigeria: Implication For National Development

Adah, Paul Danladi & Joy Anwuli Jegede

Department of Urban and Regional Planning                                                     The Federal Polytechnic, Idah, Kogi State.                                                                                             

Email: adahproject@gmail.com

ABSTRACT                                     

The research is on the concept of territoriality and Territorial conflict in Nigeria; and its implications for national development.  The objective of the study is to examine the concept of territoriality and its impacts on development. A qualitative approach was adopted for the study. The data collected for the study were from secondary sources and were analysed using content analysis. The finding of the study shows that the concept of territoriality has both positive and negative tendencies. That conflict arises when a particular space (land) is contested by an intruder laying claim to land and its resources. Resistance in defence of the claim results in a dispute over territorial space. The study shows that the impact of herdsmen’s activities inflicting injuries and death is higher compared to other perpetrators of violent attacks.  In conclusion, no nation can develop in crisis and confusion; therefore, the urban planning approach can be adopted in resolving the claim and counterclaim through territorial planning. The secularity of Nigeria’s state and federal system of government provides avenues for territorial planning. The paper, therefore, recommends territorial planning in resolving the conflict.

Key Words: Conflict, Ethnic, Territorial, Territoriality, Territorial Planning and Nations Development

Professionals Perception on Causes and Effects of Non-Value Adding Activities on Infrastructure Projects Delivery in Abuja

¹Kasimu M. A; ¹Nasiru A.M &¹Leje I.M

¹Department of Quantity Surveying

Federal Polytechnic, Bida Email: kasimumohammed@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Non- value adding activities are the main challenges facing the Nigerian construction organisations during the course of the execution of infrastructure projects. This because Non-value adding activities, known as waste, influence projects in negative modes.Therefore, the aim of this paper is to assess the causes and effects of non-value adding activities on infrastructure projects delivery. A detailed review of relevant literature was conducted with the view of collecting relevant data necessary for this paper. A total of 150 numbers of questionnaires was distributed to Engineers, Quantity surveyors, Builders and Architects in construction firms that are based in Abuja. The descriptive method of analysis was used to analyse the data obtained from the survey. The result shows the followings as main causes of non-value adding activities on infrastructure projects delivery in Abuja. These are: (1) inconsistent client requirement, (2) damages resulting from poor storage of materials, (3) damages as a result of inappropriate materials handling during construction, (4) unethical practices among the client, contractors and subcontractors, (5) under supply of materials required at a given time leading to delay and (6) frequent design changes. In addition, the followings were established as main effects of non-value adding activities. These are: (1) time overrun, (2) additional resource allocation, (3) reduced profit, (4) client dissatisfaction, (5) overtime, (6) disruption/interruption of activity sequence and (7) cost overrun.   The paper therefore, recommended that there should be proactive management strategies that will mitigate the causes and effects of non- value adding activities on infrastructure project delivery. The construction organisations should put more emphasis on training and re-training of employees through workshops, mentoring, seminars and conferences to acquire more knowledge on causes and effects of non-value adding activities.

Keywords:  Construction Organisations, Infrastructure Projects, Non-Value Adding Activities, Project Delivery and Project Performance.