GEOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FLOURITE (CaF2) MINING IN GOMBE INLIER, GONGOLA BASIN UPPER BENUE TOUGH NIGERIA

¹Rabiu, M., ¹Adamu, K.G.,²Abatcha, A.B and¹Habibu, A.A

¹Geology Department, GombeState University Nigeria.

²Ashaka Quarry, Ashaka Cement PlcGombe State Nigeria

Email:marrah201354@gsu.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Fluorite (CaF2), also commercially known as fluorspar, is an important industrial mineral that is used as a raw material in the metallurgical, ceramic and chemical industries apart from optical and lapidary uses. It is the source of fluorine in the production of hydrogen fluoride or hydrofluoric acid, which is used as the feedstock for numerous organic and inorganic chemical compounds. Fluorite is present in a diverse group of mineral deposits ranging from epithermal to high temperature and high salinity magmatic deposits in varied host lithologies. Detailed field studies of the Fluorite occurrences have shown that Mineralization within the Inlier is structurally controlled and is localized within a deep-seated fracture zones that truncate both the Basement and Stratigraphic successions. Two major rock types coexist with Mineral veins in the area, these include Pale-grey, trough cross-bedded conglomeratic arkosic sandstones with interbedded mottled clay, Mylonitic granites and orthogneisses. The activities of artisanal miners have produced pits/gullies in the area. For the sake of environmental protection, all most all the mined-out pits and gullies produced do not undergo any reclamation and with time this can give way to deep ponds or lakes. However, if this problem goes unchecked it will result to large scale degradation of the environment

THE PETROGRAPHY AND GEOPHYSICS OF ROCKS AROUND BAKUMBA OWORRO AND ITS ENVIRONS LOKOJA, NORTH WEST

Ogbadu R. Omeje¹, Atabo N. Odoma² and Isaac Agbane²

¹Department of Geology, Kogi state University, Anyigba, Nigeria

²Department of Geology, Federal University Lokoja, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Field geologic mapping of the Area around Bakumba in Lokoja local government Area of Kogi state, Located Between Latitudes 07⁰53^IN to 07⁰54^IN of the equator and Longitude 06⁰39^IE to 06⁰40^IE of the greenwich meridian on the topographic map sheet 247 NE on a scale of 1:2500 reveals the occurence of four major rock types including Granite gneiss, Biotite and Augen gneiss. The field relationship and petrographic studies of the rocks in the study area indicates that Granite gneiss, Augen gneiss, and Pegmatite are products of Polycyclic deformation episodes that affected the Nigerian Basement complex Between the Liberian to Pan African. While the geophysical investigation indicates that the study area comprises of seven geo electric layers underlain by gneiss/schist. The geophysical survey carried out along Agbaja road shows that aquiferous zone is suspected to be granite of different litho-facies.

Keywords: Petrography, Geophysics, Bakumba Oworro

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHROMIUM IN SOILS AND SHALLOW GROUNDWATER FROM A DUMPSITE IN A DELTAIC ENVIRONMENT

¹Abah EvangelineOlohi, ²Ngah, SabastineAmauche&²Akuro, Ephraim Gobo

¹Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State

²Institute of Geosciences and Environmental Mgt., Rivers State University, Port Harcourt

Email: evandicta@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The Nigerian Niger Delta is one of the world’s largest wetlands and has witnessed tremendous development and population growth in recent years. Increased urbanization coupled with poor implementation of waste management best practices has resulted in proliferation of waste dumps in communities, thus increasing the vulnerability of shallow groundwater to contamination by heavy metals contained in the leachates. This study evaluated concentration of Ni in soils and shallow groundwater around the Eneka Dumpsite in ObioAkpor Local Government Area of Rivers State and modeled the migration of Ni through the vadose zone into the shallow groundwater using existing numerical codes in Groundwater Modelling System (GMS) over a 40-year period. It was concluded that, due to the flatness of the terrain, and high humidity, contamination of the top-soil around dumpsites is in all directions, with maximum lateral spread of 120m and follows the orientation of the waste dump. However, when contaminants get into groundwater, they get entrained and migrate in the direction of groundwater flow. The simulation results compared to observed data were satisfactory. It is recommended that persons living in vicinity of dumpsites or where dumpsites have been removed refrain from exploiting shallow groundwater for drinking or cooking purposes. Also, governments especially in the Niger Delta need to prioritize frequent waste removal from communities and properly dispose them in properly engineered sites since the overlying clays may be too thin to adequately protect the shallow groundwater.

Keywords: Groundwater, Contamination, Nickel, Dumpsites

THE MAJOR CHALLENGES OF QUALITY WATER SUPPLY IN PORTHARCOURT METROPOLIS RIVERS STATE

*Effiong, E. E., *Abam, T. K. S., and *Ngah, S. A.

*Institute of Geosciences and Environmental Management

Rivers State University, Port Harcourt

E-mail: sogbujiic@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study focuses on the major challenges of quality water supply in Port Harcourt Metropolis River State. The study, using a sample size of three hundred of ninety (390) respondents revealed that man’s activities on the environment often results in pollution and degradation of the water bodies. Water bodies must be critically guided and protected against pollution; which will affect water quality and availability for desired usage. The study took critical data analyses to reveal the impact of quality water impairment causes using variables such as socio-economic characteristics of respondents, perceived challenges of portable water supply in Port Harcourt Metropolis and as well as pointing out ways of achieving quality water supply in the study area. The result obtained from the analysis, revealed that oil production plays a significant role in water pollution. To curb this, strict environmental laws regarding oil production and other human activities should be put in place. It is recommended also that our water bodies and the environment in general should be protected through appropriate legislation and guidelines, public literacy campaign and mass education. This will help sensitize and inculcate the people to make a fully environmentally literate society. When these steps are taken on international, national and local levels, quality water supply for our today society and the future generation is ensured.

THESYNDROMEOF PROJECT TIME OVERRUN IN NIGERIA – A CASE STUDY OF TERTIARY EDUCATION SPONSORED BUILDING PROJECTS

Solomon Michael Ojo

Department of Quantity Surveying,

Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Nigeria

Email: goodsolex1@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The insistent time overrun of Tertiary Education Trust Fund (Tetfund) sponsored building projects in Nigeria is increasingly alarming. Even though quantifiable researches had been carried out to identify multiple factors responsible for such anti-contract regimen and proffered possible solutions, the problem still persists and had become a trade mark. This study examined and postulated frameworks of client’s organizational module of operandi in processing interim payment certificates and payments pattern. In achieving the aim of the study, the established time frame for processing payment certificate as contained in standard bidding document for procurement of works of the federal government of Nigeria, May 2011 version was compared to time frame of processing of payment certificates submitted by contractor. The disparity in time frame in payment certificates were plotted against the bench mark of twenty-eight (28) days. The study examined twelve (12) interims payment certificates of a project in a university environment and discovered that the time frame of conventional 28 days was not meant for four (4) payment certificates due to delay at the bursary department which negatively affects the cash flow of contractors and payment pattern is zig-zag.The study thereby recommends an orientation program to enlighten the bursary department and the management of the need to keep to time when processing payment certificates.

Keyword: Building Projects, Tetfund, Time Overrun, Nigeria