Category Archives: International Journal of Social Sciences and Conflict Management 2018

Harnessing Dividends of Democracy through Women Empowerment in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic

¹Abdulrahman Adamu & ²Zuwaira Haruna Rasheed

¹Department of Political Science,Federal University Gusau, Zamfara

²Department of Arts and Social Sciences,Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Benin Kebbi

Email: abduladamu6@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

In spite of the fact that women constitutes the integral part of the nation’s development, their disadvantaged position in Nigeria when compared to their men counterparts, and the fact that they are ravaged by poverty make case for efforts to be geared towards their empowerment. This paper examines this scenario closely through the use of secondary sources of data and reveals that successive governments in Nigeria have made frantic attempts to formulate and implement policies and programmes to empower women but these efforts have yielded little or no result. It argues that those charged with the responsibilities of implementing such lofty policies and programmes have allegedly diverted the funds into personal use. It concludes that women empowerment in Nigeria should be taken seriously essentially on the basis of their large population as they are at disadvantaged position when compared to their men counterparts in the country. The paper recommends among others that government at all levels in Nigeria should intensify efforts towards providing enabling environment for women empowerment to be achieved holistically. And it is the belief of this paper that if women are empowered, it can have positive impact on the social, political, economic, and cultural development of Nigeria.

Keywords: Dividends of Democracy, Capacity-building, Women, Empowerment, Nigeria

The Influence of Civilization in Eroding Family Values System in Nigeria: Religion as the Panacea

Dickson M. Dyaji & David H. Kajom

Department of Christian Religious Studies

Kaduna State University Email:dkajom@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Observing that values in our religious and family traditions have a long history, the paper enquires into the relationship between religion and family values system, addresses the problem of changes in family values in the traditional Nigeria communities under the influence of openness and civilization. Actually, the values of a given society are qualities which that group of people considers important. They hold them so dear because these qualities are marked by what that particular society identifies as excellent morally, spiritually, socially, economically and religiously. However, the study points out the theoretical context of its analysis relying on the theory of K. Krzysztofek. Then, in turn, examines the three most important societal values; work, family and religion, the historical basis of the development of these values and then the changes that occurred under the influence of civilization will be presented briefly. Therefore, this paper is descriptive in content; the survey shares that the influence of civilization in eroding family values is the hub that sustain the challenges of our three main societal which the society treasures. And contends that the impact of all this is to make the religion(s) begin to consider these values of work, family and religion not only as mostly theoretical but also most practically. Besides, any attempt to ignore or manipulate these values of work, family and Religion in any given society would result in various unhealthy challenges that would sabotage every system in the society.

Keywords: civilization, family, values

Perceived Organizat1onal Politics and Procedural Justice as Correlates of Organizational Commitment among Non Teaching Staff of Universities in Benue State

Chinelo Helen Ogwuche, Andrew A. Mogaji & James T. Gire

Department of Psychology

Benue State University Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Corresponding author: Chinelo Helen Ogwuche

Email: chineloogwuche@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study employed an ex-post facto design to examine organizational politics, procedural justice and organizational commitment among 399 members of support staff purposively drawn from Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State University, Makurdi and University of Mkar near Gboko all in Benue State. Out of this number 235 (58.9%) were males and 164 (41.1%) were females. The respondents were in the age range of 18 – 58 year with a mean age of 38.6 (SD = 8.5 year). Perceived Organizational Politics Scale (OPS), Procedural Justice Scale (PJS) and Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS), were used for data collection. Three hypotheses were tested using regression analyses. It was found that organizational politics significantly related to organizational commitment among support staff. With regards to the three dimensions of organizational politics, the results showed that General Political Behaviour (GPB) was negatively significant negative relationship with organizational commitment. Going Along to Get Ahead (GAGA) was not significantly related to organizational commitment. Pay and Promotion Policies (PPP) had a negatively related to organizational commitment. There was a significant relationship between procedural justice and organizational commitment. There was a significant interactive effect of organizational politics and procedural justice on organizational commitment. Based on these findings, it was recommended that management and support staff in universities should eschew work place politics and embrace the spirit of organizational commitment.

Key words: Perceived Organizational Politics, Procedural Justice, Organizational Commitment.

Gender and Conflict in Nigeria: An Analysis of Chibok Women and Children

Usman Muhammad

Department of [Political Science

Kaduna State University

Email: Muhusman2020@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Any peace process that ignores the needs and roles of women is unnatural, and therefore inherently unstable. During post-conflict transitions, the empowerment of women is crucial to re-launching social and economic development. The focus is on women at the receiving end of men’s senseless war, women, like men, are victims and actors in wars and armed conflicts but usually in different ways and different fields. During wars, women participate in new activities and assume new roles, often taking on more responsibilities. Despite these changes, women are often marginalized in post-conflict peace building, both in the societies and emerging from conflict, and in the formulation and implementation of peace and peace-building strategies by international peace operatives. (Norwegian institute of international Affairs, 2001). The CHIBOK SCHOOL GIRLS abducted and taken as hostages, have the support of the Federal Government and the sympathy of the international community, but as they have been released from custody, little is been heard about their welfare and school and empowerment, little is also heard about how resolved is the government in educating women in general in Borno, and Nigeria, majority of women in the North have been burdened by domestic work from childhood, marrying as not so literate adults bearing children and thus, their schooling have been crippled and becoming poorer than their parent, .in this 21^st century. The methodology is understanding Poverty in Africa that has gender dimension in educational imbalance and often this has also been demonstrated in war, conflicts and insurgencies across Africa, in Somalia, Nigeria and other flash points where women have been disadvantaged in furthering their education but used as sex slaves or cheap political and religious bargain, years after the Beijing Affirmative action. This paper discussed the gender conflict and crisis in Nigeria in analysis to the Chibok school girls and women, vis a vis poverty and underdevelopment. The recommendations are far reaching, very practical and multi-dimensional.

A History of Nationalist Struggle in Africa within the Context of the Bolshevik Revolution

Ibrahim Danmaraya

Department of History

Faculty of Arts

Kaduna State University Kaduna, Nigeria

Email: danmaraya77@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The colonization of Africa formally established after the 1884-1885 Berlin conference was an action which received counter reaction from Africans. At the beginning, colonialism received a hostile welcome from Africans as different independent African territories staged defensives against European subjugation. Although Africans were later overpowered as a result of the superiority of the European weapons, they never forgot their identity that make them Africans and by extension, “Blacks”.  They exhibited strong and admirable nationalist movement to air their voice and gradually agitated for self-determination. African intellectuals, the pioneers of this agitation operated as a movement guided by their commonality in promoting the concepts of “Ethiopianism”, Pan-Africanism and cultural nationalism. As events unfolded, radical nationalists formed nationalist movements and took the responsibility of nationalism from the intellectuals. Inspired by the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and the efforts of cultural nationalists, and being intellectuals in their different capacities, they agitated for outright independence of Africa. In view of the forgoing, the paper examines the history of nationalist struggles in Africa with regards to the activities of cultural and radical nationalists by establishing that the eventual independence of African states from the 1950s to the 1980s achieved through radical nationalism with socialist and communist ideological inputs took its root from the efforts of cultural nationalists.

Exchange Rate Volatility: The Effects on Residential Real Estate in Calabar Metropolis

Emmanuel Ude Bassey, Mustapha Tafida Aminu& Murtala Yusuf Forty-Four

Department of Accountancy

Faculty of Social & Management Sciences

Taraba State University, P.M.B 1167, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria

Email: tafidainfo@gmail.com

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­Corresponding Author: Mustapha Tafida Aminu

ABSTRACT

Exchange rate is a very important factor in any economy. Fluctuating exchange rate prices of commodities are unstable including residential real estate. In an economy faced with persistent uncertainty, the effect of Nigeria exchange rate is audible to the deaf and visible to the blind. The study investigated the effect of exchange rate volatility on residential real estate in Calabar Metropolis. Purposive sampling technique was employed in gathering data for the study. 200 questionnaires were issued to the respondents and 185 were successfully retrieved and personal interview also carried out with the respondents to verify if exchange rate fluctuation has affected their housing prices. Ordinary least square (OLS) model was built using SPSS 20 and Minitab 17 statistical software to analyze the responses obtained from the respondents. The findings of the study shows an autocorrelation between the variables tested. The coefficient shows 81% for hypothesis one and 90.5% for hypothesis two. This implies that exchange rate volatility has a significant effect on residential real estate in Calabar Metropolis. Above all, it is recommended that government and stakeholders ensure that housing prices are not decided by personal perception of Landlords/Landladies. 

Keywords: Exchange Rate, Volatility, Residential Real Estate, Rent, Housing Prices.

A Study of Socio-Cultural Factors as Determinant of Street Hawking and its Effects on Oyo Township Children of Oyo State, Nigeria

Oyewale, Aderemi Oyetunde

Department of Social Studies

Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo

Email: tunsoyee@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the problem of street hawking among the Nigerian children. The major markets in the four local government areas in Oyo (i.e Atiba, Afijio, Oyo West, and Oyo East) were purposely sampled and the respondents who participated in the study were conveniently sampled in the study areas. Questionnaire was the data collection instrument used by the researcher to investigate the factors determining child street hawking and its effect on children. Simple percentages and chi-square were the methods of data analysis employed in this study. The study showed that the awareness level of the affected children on the dangers inherent in street hawking was low. The investigation of the study revealed that parents’ level of education, parents’ occupation as well as family size were significantly related to the problem of Child Street hawking in the study area. The study recommends that serious efforts should be intensified on enlightenment programmes on the problem inherent in child street hawking, genuine commitment on policy formulation against child hawking, free and compulsory education and creation of job opportunities to the parents to take care of their children by the government. Parents should also accept and rely on family planning methods in the determination of family size.

Keywords: Child Street hawking, Socio-Cultural factors, Effect, Nigerian Child.