Category Archives: International Journal of Medical Science and Applied Biosciences, volume 7, number 3, 2022

  • April 18, 2023
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Bacteriological Assessment of Musa paradisiaca and Cymbopogon citratus leaf Extracts on Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Seasoned Yaji sold in Avyi Ward, Wukari

Category : International Journal of Medical Science and Applied Biosciences, volume 7, number 3, 2022

*Awujo Nkem Chinedu, Tatah, Terence Nachacius, Agbochenu, Adah Isaiah
Department of Microbiology,
Federal University Wukari, P.M.B. 1020 Wukari, Taraba State
Email: chineduawujo@gmail.com; chineduawujo@gmail.com
*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT


The antimicrobial properties of plants have been well documented globally.
Scarcely any assessed their activities against potentially food poisoning
organisms directly isolated from the contaminated foods. This present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of extracts of Banana (Musa paradisiaca) and Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Yaji, a Nigerian seasoned spice. The
standard organism used was S. aureus ATCC 6538. The cold and hot water
extracts of the fresh and dried leaves of both plants showed no effectiveness against the isolates. The ethanolic extracts of fresh Lemon
grass leaves showed no effectiveness against S. aureus. However, fresh
Banana leaf extracts at 100mg/ml produced inhibition zones of 22mm and
26 mm against S. aureus ATCC 6538 and the test S. aureus respectively.
The dried Lemon grass leaf extract at 100mg/ml, produced inhibition zone
diameters of 13mm and 14mm against the typed S. aureus strain and the test S. aureus respectively while at 50mg/ml, it produced an inhibition zone of 11mg/ml against S. aureus ATCC 6538 only. This study established the
efficacy of fresh and dried ethanolic leaf extracts of Banana and Lemon
grass respectively against S. aureus. The extracts of these plants should be
further analyzed to isolate the specific phytochemicals responsible for
their antibacterial properties. This research and eventual commercialization of the bioactive agents will be an added arsenal in the treatment of staphylococcal food infection and poisoning.

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  • April 18, 2023
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Effects of Ethanol Extract of Momordica balsamina and some Antioxidants on Antibody Production in Broilers Challenge with a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus

Category : International Journal of Medical Science and Applied Biosciences, volume 7, number 3, 2022

Agang, I D1; Sai’du12, L; Abdu, P A2; Suleiman, M M3 ; Riki, R J1;
Hamagda, F O1; Darlington, K O1; Okonkwo, R4; Akuehielem, G C1;
Ibeme-Awoloh, O1 ; Diuwu, J; Ayomoh, E E and Holms, M J5
1Dianostic and Extension, National Vet. Res. Institute, Vom-Nigeria.
2Dept. of Vet. Med, Faculty of Vet Med, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria- Nigeria. 3Dept of Pharmaco and Toxico, Faculty of Vet Med, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 4National Vet Res Institute, Vom- Nigeria.
5Truth Baptist Church, Area D, Nyanya Abuja- Nigeria/ Foundemenal Baptist Missions Inenational Missionaries Mississiippi-USA
Email: ishayaagang@gmail.Com.

ABSTRACT


Newcastle disease (ND) possess a serious threat to the poultry industry
as it has economy and ecological impact on pet, free living as well as
domestic birds. The aim of the effects of some antioxidants and M.
balsamina on antibody production in broilers challenged with ND Kudu II3
virus. Two hundred day-old broilers were procured from a hatchery in
Ibadan. The chicks were brooded for 4weeks then divided into 8 groups
of 20 chicks each. Each group was housed in a pen on deep litter system
with a floor space of 1.14 cm2. Birds in GI were housed outside the faculty.
All the experimental groups except group 1 were challenged with NDV
Kudu II3 virus strain and that group I was given 2 L of distilled water at
5 weeks of age. Birds in group 2 were challenged with NDV and not treated
with any antioxidant but given 2 L of water at 5 weeks of age. Birds in
group 3 were administered vitamin C (600 mg tablets in 2 L of water orally.
Birds in group 4 were treated with Vitamin E (400 mg/2 L IU soft gel
Capsules orally and challenged. Birds in group 5 were treated with
selenium-vitamin E (1 ml/ 2 L) of water orally. Birds in group 6 were
treated with ethanol extract of M. balsamina leaves (400 mg/ 2 L) of
water orally. Birds in group 7 were administered ethanol extract of M.
balsamina roots (200 mg/ 2 L) of water orally and birds in group 8 were
2 | IJMSAB Effects of Ethanol Extract of Momordica Balsamina and some Antioxidants on Antibody Production in Broilers Challenge with a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus administered ethanol extract of M. balsamina leaves (400 mg + Vitamin C 600 mg) in 2 L of water orally. The birds were bled for whole blood and serum weekly at 3,4,5,6 and 7 weeks of age. The mean haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres at week 6 were 0.8 log2 4.5 log2 6.8 log2 for groups 1, 2 and 4, respectively. The mean enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay antibody titres at week 6 were 3.5, 3.7 and 3.8 for groups 1, 2 and 8, respectively. In conclusion, ethanol extract of M. balsamina has no site effect even when administered at high doses of up to 5,000 mg per bird. Ethanol extract of the roots of M. balsamina has ameliorative effect against NDV by reducing mortality rate. Vitamin C also had ameliorative properties against NDV by reducing the pathology induced, and reduced mortality rate. Combining vitamin C (synergistically) with ethanol extract of M. balsamina leaves was recommended for treatment of ND. Keywords: Momordica balsanina, haemagglutination inhibition, antioxidants, Enzyme Link, Immunosorbent Assay, log, Cobb 500,
Newcastle disease

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