Category Archives: International Journal of Medical Science and Applied Biosciences, volume 7, number 2, 2022

Correlation between Mammographic Features and Histological Findings in Female Breast Lesion at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Edo State, Nigeria

Oriakhi S. N
Department of Surgery
University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City
Email: nationoriakhi@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Breast diseases constitute one of the most common contemporary diseases of females. Presently, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the world over. It accounts for 18.4% of female cancers. In fact, 1:14 black women will develop breast cancer, during their life time. Mammography has become an invaluable tool for diagnosing breast lesion and detecting early breast cancer in women greater than 40 years in age. The aims and objectives of this study were to correlate the mammography BIRADS
categories with the histological diagnosis in breast lesions and to determine the predictive values, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mammography in the diagnosis of breast lesions. It was a one year (March 2015-February 2016) prospective study of consecutive female patients above 40 years old who presented with breast lesions at the UBTH. All patients had mammography and core biopsy of the breast lesion using size 16 gauge biopsy gun. All biopsy specimens were subject to histological examination. The author and a consultant radiologist reported the mammograms using the BIRADS lexicon. Mammograms were categorized into BIRADS category 1 to 6. Patients with fungating breast lesion and patients who decline to be enrolled in the study. 101 patients were studied. 106 biopsies were
performed. Data including Age distribution, clinical features of breast lesions, mammographic features and histology of tumors were analyzed and correlations between these findings were highlighted. The mean ages of patients with benign breast disease 47.0 ± 4.9 years while those with malignant breast disease 49.9 ± 8.5. P – Value was 0.080, this differences was not statistically significant. Fibrocystic disease 6 (5.6%) was the commonest benign disease whereas; invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common malignant breast disease 84(79.2%). BIRADS V correlates mostly with malignant breast disease (97.0%). P – Value was < 0.001 and
was statistically significant. This study showed that mammography is very useful in the diagnosis of breast lesion in women above 40 years old. Patients with BIRADS category 3, 4 and 5 had step wise increasing correlation with malignant breast disease.

Effects of Ethanol Extract of Momordica Balsamina and some Antioxidants on Pathological Changes in Broilers Challenge with a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus.

Agang, I. D. 1; Sai’du1, L2.; Abdu, P.A.;2 Suleiman, M. M.;3 Riki, RJ1:
Hamagda, FO1: Darlington, KO1: Okonkwo, R4: Akuehielem, G.C1;
Ibeme-Awoloh, O1 & Holms, MP5
1Dianostic and Extension, National Vet. Res. Institute, Vom-Nigeria.
2Dept. of Vet. Med, Faculty of Vet Med, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria- Nigeria. 3Dept of Pharmaco and Toxico, Faculty of Vet Med, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria- Nigeria. 4National Vet Res Institute, Vom- Nigeria.
5Truth Baptist Church, Area D, Abalande market, Nyanya- Nigeria/Missipipi-USA Corresponding Email: ishayaagang”@gmail.Com,

ABSTRACT

Newcastle disease (ND) possess a serious threat to the poultry industry as it has economy and ecological impact on pet, free living as well as domestic birds. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of M. balsamina and some antioxidants on pathological changes in broilers challenged with ND Kudu II3 virus. Two hundred day-old broilers were procured from a hatchery in Ibadan without NDV vaccination. The chicks were brooded for 4 weeks then divided into 8 groups of 20 broilers each. Each group was housed in a pen on deep litter system with a floor space of 1.14 cm2 and birds in GI were housed outside the faculty for fear of spread. All the experimental groups except group 1 were challenged with
NDV Kudu II3 virus strain. Group II was given 2 L of distilled water at 5 weeks of age and challenged with NDV and not treated with any antioxidant. Birds in group 3 were administered vitamin C (600 mg tablets in 2 L of water after challenged. Birds in group 4 were treated with vitamin E (400 mg) soft gel capsules in 2 L water orally and challenged with NDV Kudu 113 virus. Birds in group 5 were treated with selenium-Vitamin E (1ml/L) in 2 L of water per birds orally after challenged. Birds in group 6 were treated with ethanol extract of M. balsamina leaves 400 mg in 2 L of water orally after challenged. Birds in group 7 were administered ethanol extract of M. balsamina roots 200 mg in 2 L of water orally after challenged and birds in group 8 were administered ethanol extract of M. balsamina leaves extract 400 mg orally + vitamin C 600 mg orally after challenged. The birds were bled for whole blood and serum weekly at 3, 4, 5, 6 and
7 weeks of age. The gross lesions recorded in groups 2, 3, 4 were congestion,haemorrhages, mucoid production in trachea, cloudy air sacs, and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa and distended gall bladder. In conclusion, ethanol extract of M. balsamina has no side effect even when administered at high dose of up to 5,000 mg per bird. Ethanol extract of the roots of M. balsamina has ameliorative effect against NDV by reducing mortality rate. Vitamin C also had ameliorative 33|IJMSAB
International Journal of Medical Science and Applied Biosciences
ISSN: 2545-5893(Print) 2545-5877 (Online) Volume 7, Number 2, June 2022 http://www.casirmediapublishing.com properties against NDV by reducing the pathology induced, and reduced mortality rate. Combining vitamin C (Synergistically) with ethanol extract of M. balsamina leaves had ameliorative properties against ND and recommended that
the crude ethanol extract of M. balsamina roots can be used for treatment and control of ND. Key words: Momordica balsamina Linn, pathology,Cobb 500, antioxidants, Newcastle disease

Response Surface Optimization of Extraction of Bioactive Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Codiaeum variegatum Leaves

Adewole O.A1*, Adewole S.A2, Adaramola F.B3, Ukangwa N.A4, Akintunde
A.O5, Adeoye B.K6
1,4Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
2,5,Department of Agriculture and Industrial Technology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo.
3Department of Basic Sciences, Chemistry unit, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
6Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo.Corresponding author: Adewole, OA.; E-mail: adewoleo@babcock.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

The study aimed at optimizing the yield of extraction of flavonoids, phenolics, and DPPH (2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity) of Codiaeum variegatum leaves as a function of drying temperature (60-100 ºC) and ethanol concentration (50-80 v/v %) at constant drying time (80 minutes) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer) and proximate analyses of the leaves were also carried out using standard methods. From the results, linear term was significant for phenolic content, while quadratic term was significant for both flavonoid content and DPPH. The coefficient of determination (R2) for flavonoids, phenolics and DPPH were 0.9116,
0.9155, and 0.9612 respectively, showing a good fit model. The model terms were significant (P<0.05) for all the responses which provided its suitability for prediction purposes. The coefficients of variation (CV) were less than 10 %. Using desirability function, the optimum operating conditions to obtain higher extraction of flavonoids, phenolic and DPPH was found to be 72.72 °C and 75.61 v/v ethanol concentrations.The FT-IR results of the optimum processing conditions confirmed the presence of alkanes, alkenes, alcohol, amines, phenol, nitro compounds, and sulfoxides in the ethanol extracts of Codiaeum variegatum The study revealed that Codiaeum variegatum leaves have significant antioxidant potential and can therefore be used in
various medicinal applications. Keywords: RSM, flavonoid, phenolic, DPPH, optimization, FT-IR

Influence of Depression on Malnutrition among Undergraduates in Babcock University Ilishan-Remo.

1Ani Ime F; 2Ajuzie Nnenna C; 3Egbuna Anwulichukwu. S; 4Ajuzie
Nwaobilor C and 5Alfa Tirzah
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
Babcock University, Ilishan-remo, Ogun State
Email: ajuzienn@babcock.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Many young people suffer from depressive symptoms when facing difficult academic tasks and life challenge. Depression, in particular, is common in the young people and can result in loss of appetite, weight, and considerable malnutrition and dehydration.On the other hand, physical illness and malnutrition may lead to depression in this vulnerable group of population. The study was to assess the influence between malnutrition and depression among undergraduates in Babcock University. A cross sectional study design among Babcock University students. The study population
was 150 students using a simple random sampling technique. It was concluded that undergraduates in Babcock University had a good knowledge of malnutrition (89.3%) and depression (62.0%). The prevalence of depression in this study was 15.3%. The study revealed that, there is a significant relationship between of knowledge malnutrition and knowledge of depression among undergraduates in Babcock University (r=0.219, p= 0.03). There was no significant association between the knowledge of malnutrition and the gender and BMI, however there is a significant
relationship between knowledge of malnutrition and the age distribution of respondents. There was a significant relationship between the knowledge of depression and the gender, age distribution and the BMI of respondents. The study recommends that the school authority should put measures to curb depression among undergraduates by making it compulsory for students to see a guidance counselor
every semester Keywords: Malnutrition, Depression, Influence, Knowledge,

Influence of Depression on Malnutrition among Undergraduates in Babcock University Ilishan-Remo.

¹Ani Ime F;²Ajuzie NnennaC; ³Egbuna   Anwulichukwu. S;⁴Ajuzie Nwaobilor C and ⁵Alfa Tirzah

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics

Babcock University, Ilishan-remo, Ogun State

Email:ajuzienn@babcock.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Many young people suffer from depressive symptoms when facing difficult academic tasks and life challenge. Depression, in particular, is common in the young people and can result in loss of appetite, weight, and considerable malnutrition and dehydration. On the other hand, physical illness and malnutrition may lead to depression in this vulnerable group of population. The study was to assess the influence between malnutrition and depression among undergraduates in Babcock University. A cross sectional study design among Babcock University students. The study population was 150 students using a simple random sampling technique. It was concluded that undergraduates in Babcock University had a good knowledge of malnutrition (89.3%) and depression (62.0%).The prevalence of depression in this study was 15.3%. The study revealed that, there is a significant relationship between of knowledge malnutrition and knowledge of depression among undergraduates in Babcock University (r=0.219, p= 0.03).There was no significant association between the knowledge of malnutrition and the gender and BMI, however there is a significant relationship between knowledge of malnutrition and the age distribution of respondents. There was a significant relationship between the knowledge of depression and the gender, age distribution and the BMI of respondents. The study recommends that the school authority should put measures to curb depression among undergraduates by making it compulsory for students to see a guidance counselor every semester

Keywords: Malnutrition, Depression, Influence, Knowledge,