Category Archives: International Journal of Agricultural Research and Food Production, volume 6, number 2, 2021

FARMERS CONSTRAINTS TO QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) ADOPTION IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.

Kanai, E. T¹; Makarau, S. B.²; Garba, A. O²_;Wamagi, I. T.¹and Haruna, S¹

¹School of Agricultural Technology, Nuhu Bamali Polytechnic Zaria, Samaru Kataf Campus

²Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Kaduna State University (KASU) Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Email: zimaiyet@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study analyzed farmers’ constraints toQuality Protein Maize (QPM)adoption in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used in collecting primary data on 380 respondents from four Agricultural Zones using structured questionnaire through survey. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that 67.63% were males with 81.84% married with an average household size of 8 people constituting 72.40%.  Majority (63.40%) of the respondents were primarily farmers by occupation with 66.84% having a mean quality protein maize farming experience of 19 years cultivating a mean farm size of 2 hectares.  About 60% acquired their farmland through inheritance and 79% attained one form of formal education or the other.  The result also revealed that 98.95% and 92.38% of the respondentssourced labour from cooperative (Gaiya) and family respectively while 53.16% had access to credit facilities with 96.05% having accessed credit facilities from relatives.  92.63% had access to extension services and all (100.00%) were aware of quality protein maize and attested to obtaining information on quality protein maize from extension agents accounting for 59%.  About 79% of the respondent confirmed being members of cooperative associations. Result of constraints faced by the respondents revealed that 81.84% of the respondents experienced constraints to Quality Protein Maize (QPM) adoption and the most severe constraints were high labour demand and unfavourable weather condition ( = 3.31) respectively, prevalence of pests and dieases ( = 3.14) and high inputs demand (  = 3.12). It was concluded that majority of the responded attested to facing constraints to the adoption of the QPM variety and the most severe constraints were high labour demand, unfavourable weather condition, prevalence of pests and dieases and non-availability of credit. The researchers recommended that farmers should be encouraged to organize themselves into viable cooperative associations, information on weather conditions should be made available to farmers and adoption of QPM should be encouraged among farmers given its’ nutrition and economic values as the readily available and cheap alternative protein source compared to other sources.

Keywords: Quality ProteinMaize, Adoption, KadunaState, Nigeria

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF‘BANK OF AGRICULTURE’AND SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT IN BORNO STATE OF NIGERIA

Uba, Isaac Andiyawa,& Ibrahim AhmedJajereDepartment of Geography

Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria,

E-mail: isaacandiyawa@gmail.com, iajajere2000@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Bank of Agriculture (BOA), established in the year 2000, stands the largest rural development finance institutions in Nigeria. Empowering the less privileged groups is the priority objective of the micro credit scheme of the BOA.This paper therefore, examines the spatial distribution of the BOAandthe adverse effects on sustainable rural development in Borno State.Borno State has twenty seven Local Government Areas (LGAs)but because of security threat in the state, the study was delimited to only ten out of sixteenLGAsfound served by the BOA.Informationon BOA branch locations and data on borrowers’status were primarily obtained through interview with the BOA officials and questionnaire administration on the micro credit beneficiaries respectively. Data on the LGAs served and spatial outreachof the micro credit were secondarily extracted from official documents of the BOA.164 respondents were purposively sampled out ofthe total 1099 borrowers in the study area. Analytical tables and a descriptive map were used to expound the data. The findings revealed that BOA branches location and spatial outreachacross the three Borno Senatorial Zones is biased towards Borno South and Central and neglectedthe North. Italso revealed that social impediments constituted the major problem of the less privileged groups, andthe implication ofneglecting such huge socially impeded groups is its related torestive and strife prone zones in the state. The significance is that neglecting the socially impeded groups is related to security threat in the state. Recommendations are made for extension of more BOA branches toBorno North Senatorial Zone andother studies toexamine the spatial distributionof other rural development programmes in the state toenable generalization about negligence in spatial distribution of rural development inputs and societal restiveness and strife.

Keywords:BOA, SpatialDistribution, Biased, Negligence, Less-privileged, Strife.

PRODUCTION AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF SEASONING FROM FERMENTED SOYBEAN AND ROASTED MORINGA SEED FLOUR BLENDS

H. E. Omeje^1*, M. J. Igbatigbi¹, C. O. Orishagbemi¹

¹Department of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences,

Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria

Email: omejehelen.e@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The aim of this present study is to evaluate attributes of seasoning produced from fermented soya beans flour and roasted Moringa oleifera seed flour. Four samples of seasonings were produced and labelled as follow AAA (100% soya beans). BBB (90:10% soya beans and Moringa oleifera seed flour), CCC (80:20% soya beans and Moringa oleifera seed flour) and DDD (70:30% soya beans and Moringa oleifera seed flour). Proximate, chemical and sensory evaluation were determined. The result of the proximate composition showed significant p<0.05 difference among produced seasoning samples. Crude fibre (1.31 -2.11%), moisture (8.07-10.04%), ash (1.15-1.55%), fat (22.45-24.75%), protein (30.34-38.85%) and carbohydrates (25.87-33.51%). The moisture, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrates content of seasoning increased with increase in the Moringa oleifera seed flour while fat and protein reduced. The antinutrients composition were lower among all samples and ranged from (1.74-2.69%) for saponin, (25.18-52.28mg/100g) for tannin, (1.84-3.71 mg/100g) for oxalate and (1.61-1.87%) for alkaloid content. The result of the pH and total titra table acidity were significantly (p<0.05) reduced and ranged from (5.40-5.60) for pH and (0.07-0.09) for TTA. Mineral composition including sodium, calcium, iron and zinc were analyzed and the result ranged from (32.65-92.05mg/100g), (156.93-234.01mg/100g), (29.76-59.64mg/100g) and (5.54-11.77mg/100g) respectively. The sensory results of sample indicate general acceptability of the produced seasoning samples in terms of taste, appearance, flavour and colour. The inclusion of Moringa oleifera seed flour into fermented soybeans flour had significant (p<0.05) effect on the chemical, minerals and sensory properties of the seasoning.

Keywords: Soybean, Moringa Seed, Seasoning, Sensory Evaluation.

EVALUATION OF TILLAGE METHODS AND POTASSIUM EFFECT ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND GROWTH OF LESSER YAM

Essien, O. A.; Udoh, O. E.; Umoh, F. O. &Ntuen, E.S.

Department of Soil Science

AkwaIbom State University, MkpatEnin, Nigeria.

Email: otobongessien19@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to assess tillage methods and potassium effect on soil properties and yam yield on soils of southeastern Nigeria. A field experiment was set out at the Teaching and Research Farm of AkwaIbom State University, ObioAkpa in 2019. A 2×4 factorial experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Tillage methods used were flat and mound, which constituted the main plots while the four (4) rate of muriate potash (0 kg ha^-1, 200 kg ha^-1, 400 kg ha^-1, and 600 kg ha^-1)occupied the sub plots. Tillage was done in the early planting season and yam tubers weighed 300g were planted. The initial and post-harvest soil samples were collected, processed and analyzed for soil physical and chemical properties. The result revealed that tillage methods improved soil properties significantly (p<0.05). Flat tillage improved soil organic matter content by 4.37% and base saturation percentage by 89.49% over other systems. The interaction between tillage methods and potassium rate application showed that flat tillage with application of 200 kg ha^-1 gave the highest mean of soil organic matter content by 46.49% above other rates of combination with tillage systems. While mound tillage with potassium application rate of 400 kg ha^-1 improved tube weight by 1.83kg above other rates of potassium application. Therefore, mound tillage of 400 kg ha^-1 of potassium is recommended for cultivation of lesser yam in the study area.

Keywords: Tillage methods, Mound and Flat Tillage, Potassium Application Rate, Soil Properties and Yam Yield.

VARIABILITY OF RICE YELLOW MOTTLE VIRUS IN A SET OF ISOLATES ORIGINATING FROM NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA

^*Onwughalu, J. T.^1, & Abo, M. E.¹

¹National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Badeggi, Niger State, Nigeria

²Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Anambra State

*Email: tobechi44@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to determine the resistance-breaking ability of six RYMV isolates collected from the north central Nigeria. Seven rice genotypes obtained from AfricaRice Center were used for the experiment in a Split-plot designwith three replications under screenhouse environment at Badeggi, Niger State. The result showed that the resistant alleles – rymv1-1 was circumvented by the six virus isolates, which also expressed the characteristic symptoms of RYMV at 42 Days after inoculation (DAI). The rymv1-4/rymv2 and rymv1-3 were showed to be moderately resistant with isolates from Mararaba-Obi and Gulu at 42 DAI respectively. The breakdown of resistance observed in the traditional resistant rice genotype (Gigante) appeared first as hypersensitivity reaction and later (≥42 DAI) as symptom expressed breakdown. Rymv1-5 found in Tog 5674 was not affected by the six virus isolates in terms of symptom expression; however, saps from earlier inoculated test plants (Tog 5674) were infective on the susceptible genotype (Bouake 189). Virus isolates from Obubu-Ofu and Makurdi, belonging to Ser1 reacted differently and circumvented the resistance in the conventional resistant check (Gigante) with obvious yellow mottle symptoms of RYMV at 42 DAI. The serological profile analysis of the virus isolates indicated they belonged to Serogroups 1 and 2 (Ser1 and Ser2). The present study has reported significant differences in the aggressiveness of isolates of same serogroup, and the overall RYMV isolates existing in north central Nigeria. The pathogenicity effect of the virus isolates onnumber of panicles and yield at harvest for susceptible test plant indicated 100 % yield loss with Gulu, Makurdi and Edozhigi isolates. Moreover, the four virus isolates from Mararaba-Obi, Edozhigi, Gulu and Obubu-Ofu contributed more than 60 % yield loss in Tog 5672, which only showed moderate resistance with Mararaba-obi and Gulu isolates. This study has reported the resistance gene/alleles holding in north-central Nigeria to include rymv1-5, rymv1-3, and rymv1-4+ rymv2.

Keywords: Rice yellow mottle virus; Resistance-breaking; isolates; Nigeria