Category Archives: International Journal of Agricultural Research and Food Production Volume 4, Number 3, 2019

CONTENTS

Assessment of Consumer Behaviour on Retail Prices of Garri in Imo State

Eze E. U; Njoku G. U; Anah C. O & Abana P. C……………..……………….…….……1

Security Implication of Farmers and Fulani Herdsmen Conflict in Middle Belt Zone-2010-2018

Jibrin Ubale Yahaya……………………………………………………………….………10

Assessment of Government Role in the Growth of Mechanized Agricultural Marketing System

Bello, B. S.; Nwokenkwo, B. O.; Abdullahi, F. H.; Ozimede, Elizabeth O. & Saidu, Aliyu Baba……………………………………………………………………………………26

Evaluating the Effect of Momordica Balsamina Linn, Selenium and Lamivudine for the Treatment of Newcastle Disease in Pullets

D. Agang; P.A. Abdu; L. Saidu & M.M. Suleiman………………………….…………..40

Larval Morphometric and Adult Mortality of Dermestes Maculatus Degeer Exposed to Powdered and Steam Extracts Piper Guineense Pre-Treated Fish.

Ebochuo V.C. and Onwuka C. N……………………………….…………………………50

Effect of Graded Levels of Fermented Mango (Mangifera spp) Kernel Composite Meal on the Serological Parameters of Laying Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Yerima Shettima Kolo; Abang Favour Bette & Attah Sunny…………………………..61

Biodiversity and Species Distribution of Indigenous under-utilized Fruit and Vegetable Crops in the North Senatorial District of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Okpanachi, O., Aguoru, C.U., Azua, E.T. and Olasan, J.O…………………………….69

BIODIVERSITY AND SPECIES DISTRIBUTION OF INDIGENOUS UNDER-UTILIZED FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CROPS IN THE NORTH SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Okpanachi, O., Aguoru, C.U., Azua, E.T. and Olasan, J.O.

Biodiversity and Environment Unit

Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

Corresponding author: Olasan J.O.; Email: lekanolasan@yahoo.com)

ABSTRACT

Species distribution and diversity of indigenous fruit and vegetable crops were undertaken in three Local Government Areas of the North Senatorial Districts. Three locations were randomly chosen per LGA. Three random samplings were carried out in each location. A total of 27 localities were studied, each with a unique code and GPIS information. Qualitative and quantitative ecological approaches were adopted. Representative wild plant specimens were collected and identified. Herbarial specimens were also preserved. The Shannon-Wienner Diversity (H) computation was done for each LGA. The African butter pear and Black velvet Tamarind were rare in Akwanga LGA but Drum palm was frequently seen.  Akwanga LGA had 7 species accounting for 64 species richness (Gudi=22, Alushi=17, Walko=25). H-diversity was 1.83 while species evenness was 0.938. In Wamba LGA, African Locust beans and Finger root were abundantly present. However, Desert date, Red bush willow, Baobab and Wild onion spring were rarely encountered. Wamba LGA had 9 species with species richness of 420 dominated by Wamba (263). H-diversity was 1.20. Hmax was 2.20 while species evenness was 0.54.The most abundant species in NasarawaEggon were Jute plants most especially at Mada station. NasarawaEggon LGA had 11 species where species richness was 609 cutting across Mada station (228), Kagbu (102) and Lambaga (279). H-diversity was 1.55; Hmax was 2.4 while species evenness was 0.65. The strength of biodiversity of indigenous fruit and vegetable crop was low in Wamba (H<1.5) but moderate in the two other LGAs (H>1.5). This could be attributed to various anthropogenic activities and pressure causing loss of biodiversity. Many plants such as African butter pear and Black velvet Tamarind, Desert date, Red bush willow, Baobab and Wild onion spring are rare. There is need for intensive domestication and conservation of these plants for sustainable utilization in the Northern Senatorial District of Nasarawa State Nigeria.Key words: Biodiversity, Indigenous crops, Conservation, Sustainable utilization

EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF FERMENTED MANGO (Mangifera spp) KERNEL COMPOSITE MEAL ON THE SEROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF LAYING JAPANESE QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Yerima Shettima Kolo; Abang Favour Bette & Attah Sunny

 Department of Animal Production

Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted using one hundred and nine five (195) unsexed laying Japanese quails of about two weeks old to investigate the effect of graded levels of fermented mango kernel composite meal (FMKCM) on the health status of quails. The results for serum biochemical composition showed that serum sodium (Na⁺), serum chloride (Cl^–), serum bicarbonate (HCO₃^–), serum creatinine; ALT, AST and Total Bilirubin were within normal reference ranges. However serum potassium rose slightly above the normal references range. It is concluded that FMKCM could replace maize up to 25% without any nutritional disorder, as the parameter that was not within the normal reference range did not follow a regular pattern and these observation were applicable to the control experiment as well, revealing that diets would not have accounted for these irregularities.

Keywords: fermented mango kernel, maize, Japanese quail, serological indices

LARVAL MORPHOMETRIC AND ADULT MORTALITY OF DERMESTES MACULATUS DEGEER EXPOSED TO POWDERED AND STEAM EXTRACTS PIPER GUINEENSE PRE-TREATED FISH

Ebochuo V.C. & Onwuka C. N.
Department of Fisheries and Marine Technology
Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Ohaji.
Email: victorebochuo@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Effect of powdered and steam extracts of Black Pepper (Piper guineense) Uziza (Igbo), at doses of 5%, 7.5% and 10% on the Hyde beetle ( Dermestes maculatus Degeer) Exposed To pre- treated fish (Clarias gariepinus) was monitored for 21days. Treated and untreated fish were enclosed in plastic jars covered with muslin to which three pairs of the insect had been introduced and left at ambience. Mortalities were monitored every 24hours, while instar stages were obtained through the measurement of larvae present at the end of the experiment to the nearest millimeter. Powdered form caused 100% adult mortality at all doses. Steam extracted form resulted in 33.30%, 50.00% and 66.79%, at 5%, 7.30% and 10% spice concentrations respectively. Black pepper powder destroyed perpetuation of Hide beetle in pre – treated fish while specimens placed on spice extract pre – treated fish reproduced. Linear decreases in length of larval
instars stages reared on substrate with increasing spice steam extract concentrations were observed. Mean length range for each dose 3.25±0.7mm -14.00±0.00mm for 0.00%; 2.00 + 0.04mm – 12.00 + 0.09mm for
5%; 5.50 + 1.10mm -12.00mm for 7.3% and 2.00 + 0.00mm – 9.00±0.33 for 10%.Five larval instars were found in all replicates of the control while six were found in all replicates of the pre – treated fish. In addition to the traditional usage, Piper guineense can further be utilized to preserve and protect smoked dried fish in storage against the hide beetle, “Dermestes maculatus Degeer.”

EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF MOMORDICA BALSAMINA LINN, SELENIUM AND LAMIVUDINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN PULLETS

D. Agang1; P.A. Abdu2; L. Saidu2 & M.M. Suleiman3
1National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) – Vom, Nigeria,
2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeri
3Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Vet. Med., Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

ABSTRACT

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of M. balsamina, selenium and lamivudine for the treatment of ND. While the objectives of the study were to: Determine the Midian Lethal dose (MLD) of M. balsamina, selenium and lamivudine for the treatment of ND. A total of three hundred day-old dominant black pullets obtained from a commercial hatchery in Ibadan, Nigeria were randomly assigned into six groups. Group I was pretreated orally with 300mg of aqueous ethanol extract of M. balsamina / bird for 1 week before challenge with NDV Kudu 113. Birds in group II were inoculated with NDV Kudu 113 and then treated immediately with 300mg of ethanol extract of M. balsamina fruits for 3 weeks. Birds in group III were inoculated with NDV Kudu 113 and immediately treated with lamivudine with 300mg/ 1 litre of water and group V and VI were negative and positive control groups respectively. Both positive and negative control groups were treated with drinking water for 3 weeks orally. Birds were bled in weekly basis: on day-old, 4th week, 5th week, 6th week and 7th week. Serum was obtained by allowing the blood collected from each bird to stand for 3hrs at room temperature. Clinical signs of ND recorded in groups due to ND in pullets were: Group I: inactive, emaciation, dollness, ruffle feathers, anorexia, weakness, coughing, sneezing, greenish white diarrhea, salivation, mortality 5,9,8,1,7. Group II: inactive, emaciation, dollness, ruffle feathers, anorexia, weakness, coughing, sneezing, greenish white diarrhea,
salivation, mortality 12,13,3. Group IV: inactive, emaciation, dollness, ruffle feathers, anorexia, weakness, coughing, sneezing, greenish white diarrhea, mortality 4,3,2,2

ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON RETAIL PRICES OF GARRI IN IMO STATE

Eze E. U; Njoku G. U; Anah C. O & Abana P. C
Department of Agricultural Technology
Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
E mail: emeyuch@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study evaluates consumers’ behaviour on retail price of garri in Imo State of Nigeria. Data were drawn from the three agricultural zones in Imo State, namely Owerri, Orlu, Okiqwe. A functional market in each zone was randomly selected. A multi stage sampling technique was used for the study. Primary data were obtained by means of interview schedule (questionnaire) administered to consumers of garri at retail shops
in the market. Data were analyzed using descriptive techniques and ordinary lease square (OLS) method of multiple regression analysis. Empirical result reveals that the mean weekly budget share for garri was
₦790.61 but the actual weekly expenditure was ₦970.69. The differential of 22.8% increase in expenditure from the budget share of garri could be attributed to variability in prices of garri in the market. About 53.33%
of garri consumers have a weak bargaining index of 0.67 indicating that consumers’ influence on the food product is weak. As the weekly quantity of garri purchased increases, the weekly retail increases as well, there is a less than 0.11% increase in unit weekly retail prices of garri as the quantity bought increase by 1% in the Study area. There is need for consumers’ to be encouraged to form co-operative societies through which they can buy food products in bulk to reduce retail price thereby reducing the price margin between their budget share and actual expenditure in view of the fact that their bargaining power is weak. This will also reposition them to play a key role in price formation and sharing market information in order to increase
their bargaining power as majority of retailers are only interested in profit maximization to the detriment of consumers. Consumers of garri should be ready to make adjustment on their weekly budget of garri because of price variability.
Keywords: Consumer behaviour, retail prices, budget share, price flexibility

SECURITY IMPLICATION OF FARMERS AND FULANI HERDSMEN CONFLICT IN MIDDLE BELT ZONE-2010-2018

Jibrin Ubale Yahaya
Department of Political Science
Nasarawa State University, Keffi
Email: jibrinubaleyahaya@gmial.com

ABSTRACT

The growing increase cases of conflict between farmers and Fulani Herdsmen has become serious issues that affected the security of lives and property of peoples in Middle Belt Zone, particularly in states like
Benue, Plateau and Nasarawa. However despite several efforts adopted by relevant policy makers in the Middle Belt Zone you hardly pass a month without security information of attack in Benue, Plateau or Nasarawa State. In each of these attacks property worth millions of naira and lives are destroyed on a large scale. The huge human loss is the most worrisome of all. The objective of this study is to discuss the causes, as well as the socio-economic, political and religious implications of these attacks for sustainable development of Peace in Nigeria. The study adopted qualitative and phenomenological approaches in its investigation and analysis of data drawn from secondary source of existing literature to investigate the
problem of conflict between the two groups of farmers and herdsmen. The study discovered that many people have lost their property and lives and some has been displaced from their homes, these actions are making the peace, security and unity of this country as a federation are being seriously threatened by the conflict in the Middle Belt Zone which was referred before as a food basket center for peace in Nigeria. The paper has recommended for peace to reign in the Middle Belt all hand need to be put in desk by both Farmers and Fulani Herdsmen must recognize the importance of peaceful living and dangers attached to violence between the parties in Conflict through adopting a peaceful means of addressing the problems as well government at all level to provide policies that could help in addressing the problems of both two parties.
Keywords: Fulani Herders, Farmer, Violent approach and Grazing Land.

ASSESSMENT OF GOVERNMENT ROLE IN THE GROWTH OF MECHANIZED AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SYSTEM

1Bello, B. S.; 1Nwokenkwo, B. O.; 2Abdullahi, F. H.; 2Ozimede, Elizabeth O. & 1Saidu, Aliyu Baba
1Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic, Bida
2Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bida
Email:

ABSTRACT

Agriculture is the mainstay of many economies, whereby it’s marketing strategies and policies is of great importance in other to achieved positive results of outputs and harness other developmental objectives through its inputs. All over the world, the development of an enduring economy goes hand in hand with agricultural development and it is considered a catalyst for the overall development of any nation. Developed economists have always assigned the agriculture sector a central place in the development
process due to income generated through this sector. However, the understanding of that role has evolved overtime. The Nigerian Government is said to be committed to the agricultural sector as indicate in various
Policy documents. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of which Government play significant role to the growth of agricultural marketing. Questionnaire was the method used in gathering information for this study. After proper analysis of data, it was discovered that Nigeria Government have not played any significant role in the growth of mechanized agricultural marketing system in the Country,
Government motivate mechanize farmers in agro production. It was concluded that Government has put more machineries in place and has introduced many programmes over the years to educate farmers and
marketers such as: Agricultural Quarantine Services, National Programme on Food Security, ADP i.e. Agricultural Development Project, and so on. Although, the impact of such programmes have not been felt by greater percentage of the Bida Community due to misappropriation and mismanagement of allocated funds and resources channel towards such areas by those saddle with the responsibility. Nevertheless,
government has played a vital role and is still playing more in the growth of agricultural marketing system. It was recommended that more accurate ways of information to farmers & agricultural marketers should be
emphasize through the training and retraining of the people involved.
Keywords: Assessment. Government, Growth, Agricultural Marketing, System