Category Archives: International Journal of Sciences and Advanced Innovative Research Volume 4, Number 2, 2019

Assessment of the Challenges of Informal Land Delivery System in Karu Urban Area (KUA), Nigeria

¹Baba, Ezekiel Bahago, ²Dantudu Asma’u Shehu Usman, ³Anikajogun, Bibiana Ometere

¹Departmentof Urban and Regional Planning, ¹Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Kaduna State,

²Departmentof Urban and Regional Planning, ¹Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Kaduna State,

³Departmentof Urban and Regional Planning, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State

Emails: ¹easybahago@gmail.com, asmaudantudu@gmail.com, bibianaometere@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Cumbersome nature in cost and time of acquiring land for development in the developing world has necessitated the shift to other options to land acquisition. This scenario brought about Informal Land Delivery System (ILDS). Since land is the pedestal upon which the fabric of the city exists and operates, it is pivotal to an efficient and effective urban management. The research set out to assess the challenges of ILDS in Karu Urban Area (KUA). To achieve that, the study was able to examine the Existing Nature of Land Delivery System in Karu Urban Area (KUA) and the challenges it faces. At the end of the study, it was established that the public urban land only constitutes 14.80% of the total built up area of the urban area while the private sector constitutes the bulk of the 85.20% of the built up area (63,960 plots of land, using standard measurement of 1000m²). This signifies that the public or formal sector only control 14.80% of the total built up area of the KUA giving rise to informal sector which controls the bulk of development in terms of land acquisition and accessibility in the urban area. The study also revealed that approximately 6,396 Ha (63,960 plots of land, using standard measurement of 1000m²) were delivered through the ILDS among which landholding families supplied 74% of the plots of land. In assessing the challenges of this sector, the study revealed that the resident’s personal income is the predominant challenges of fund raising for the purpose of Land acquisition in KUA with 56.3% against Loan from financial institutions, cooperatives, friends and associates which stood at 18.8%. Time taking to access a plot of land, payment of commission to land agents, dispute over plot of land and cost of land at the period of sales and purchase are other challenges with 38.9% accessed their plots of land after three years from the period of payment against 22.1%, 13.9% and 8.2% who access their plot of land in less than three months, four months to one year and one to three years respectively and 53.4% paid commission for their land acquired for development against 25.5% who did not pay while 22.6% of the total land acquired had dispute on their plot of lands acquired with 16.8% are dispute on plot boundaries while disputes on double allocation, inheritance and validity of ownership constitutes 2.4%, 1.4% and 1.0% respectively. As a result of this established facts of this study, the following recommendations were given, there should be integration of KUA to the FCC so as allow FCDA to regulate development in the area, Nasarawa State Urban Development Board should have full control in distribution and allocation in the urban area and the government should make land distribution and acquisition for development less cumbersome for every citizen of the area.

KEYWORDS: Karu Urban Area, Informal Land Delivery System, Challenges

Farm Workshops and the Need for Safety Awareness Programmes in Agricultural Science Teacher Education in Nigerian Schools

Valentines O. Ibe
Department of Agricultural and Home Science Education
Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State
E-mail: ibeurovso@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Farm workshops in agricultural science teacher education are the training grounds for youths and adults intending to settle in any agricultural occupation. But, of importance and perhaps fundamental in all
agricultural activities is the concept of safety. This paper therefore focused on farm workshops and the need for safety awareness programmes in agricultural science teacher education. Specifically, it has discussed the
concept of farm workshops and safety, agricultural science teacher education programme, the need for safety awareness programme, areas of agricultural enterprises for safety awareness programme, characteristics of a good safety programme, suggested curriculum components of agriculture enterprise safety awareness programmes as well as implications of safety awareness programmes on safe, successful and sustainable agriculture enterprise occupations.
Keywords: Farm workshops, Safety Awareness Programmes, Teacher Education, Sustainable Agriculture Enterprise

Media Broadcast of Voice of Plantain Farmers in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

1Adinya I.B., 1Adie U.B. and 2Obio, E.A.
1Department of Agricultural Economics and Ext., Cross River University of Technology, Obubra Campus
2Department of Agronomy, Cross River University of Technology, Obubra Campus
Email: dradinyaignatius@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study examined media broadcast of voice of plantain farmers in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Data were collected from ninety six respondents in the study area using random sampling technique. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study found that majority of the respondents (90.63%) disclosed that they received information on agricultural program
on Radio. While 9.37% of them revealed that they did not. The study also found that 70.83% of the respondents disclosed that they adopted improved plantain suckers. While 20.83%, 1.04% and 7.29% of them
disclosed that they adopted recommended plantain distance, fertilizer and herbicide application respectively.
The study revealed that several constraints militated against the use of mass media to promote the transfer of innovations to plantain farmers. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that government
should provide improved plantain suckers at subsidized rate to farmers at the right time. Credit facilities should be given to plantain farmers and farmers who do not have collateral should form cooperative to
enable them obtain loans from banks at low interest rate. Government should construct roads to interior areas where plantains were produced in large quantities in the study area to enable farmers carry their
products to market where they can sell at a better price.
Keywords: Multi-media, plantain, innovation, communication, adoption

Eradication of Malnutrition in Early Childhood Care Education through School Feeding Programme in Nigeria

Adegbite, Peter Ibrahim
Department of Educational Foundation
Federal University of Kashere, Gombe State
Email: princepeter220@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper described school feeding program as a tool for eradicating malnutrition, reducing hunger in children and increasing enrollment of school age-children in various society of the world. The paper further
discuses some of process of providing food for school children during school hours in order to enable them meet their nutritional requirement. Furthermore, this paper also discuss some of the challenges faced by this
SEPs and make some recommendations for further studies. Some of these recommendations are: to develop targeting criteria, analyze and identify appropriate guidelines for ration composition, and to build a consensus on a policy and objective that focuses on how school feeding can effectively contribute to nutrition, education and health of school age children

Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of the Stem Bark of Frankincense Plant (Boswellia dalzielii)

Moses Andy Na., Ishaku Silasa & Bolarin Joshua Ab.
aDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education Zing, Taraba State, Nigeria
bDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Salem University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
Email: labicity1@gmail.com
Corresponding Author: Ishaku Silas

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to investigate the secondary metabolites of Frankincense (Boswelia dalzielii) plant by carrying out a phytochemical screening of the ethanolic, chloroform, and aqueous extracts of the stem bark using approved standard methods for phytochemical screening. The phytochemical screening of the stem bark of the plant indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins in the extracts. Alkaloids were only found in the chloroform and ethanolic extracts. Glycosides were present in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Volatile oil was not detected in all the sample extracts. This study has scientifically
justified the traditional use of Boswelia dalzielii stem bark extracts in treatment of various ailments and diseases such as ulcer, malaria, epilepsy, typhoid etc. Traditionally, a decoction of the bark is drunk as a protection against dysentery, hemorrhage, and angina. The dried and crushed bark is used in combination with other herbs to treat malaria, yellow fever, stomach ailments, and many childhood diseases (Mandal etal. 2005). It is therefore, important that the extensive phytochemicals investigation should be carried out to help in establishing the chemical profile of the frankincense (Boswellia dalzielii). It is also important that further work be conducted to investigate the cytotoxic effects of the plant in order to reveal how safe it is for medicinal use.
Key words: Phytochemicals, Metabolites, Frankincence, Flavonoids, Alkaloids.

The Physiochemical Indices of Soil Contaminated with Hydrocarbon and Heavy Metals in Petroleum Hydrocarbon Spilled Areas of Bodo and Bomu in Rivers State

1Asira, Enim Enim; A. A. Uwakwe2 & B. A. Amadi2
1Department of Chemistry, Cross River State College of Education, Akamkpa
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State
Email: enimas1965@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The present study was to determine the physiochemical indices of the soil contaminated with hydrocarbon and heavy metals in an oil spilled areas of Gokana local government area of Rivers State. Soil samples collected from two locations each of Apiapum in obubra local government area of cross River state(control) and Bodo/bomu in Gokana local government are of Rivers State, measured 1km by 1km. were selected randomly. The samples were bulked, digested and cleaned. Methods were developed for GC/FID and ICPOES for hydrocarbon and heavy metals respectively. Equally, physiochemical indices of the soils were analysed in line with standard scientific procedures. Statistical analyses was done using mean, standard
deviation percentage and analysis of variance. Results of the study revealed significantly (p≤0.05) higher concentration hydrocarbon (8,534.92±528.03mg/kg) in the contaminated soil than uncontaminated soil
(0.00±0.00mg/kg). Correspondently, general increase in all the heavy metal concentrations except Cd (1.05±0.03mg/kg), and iron (269.13±3.83mg/kg) in contaminated soil was observed. The study also recorded significantly (p≤0.05) higher concentrations of Ca+, K+, and Na+ ions in the contaminated soil than uncontaminated soil. The findings of the study also showed significant higher values of pH(8.3±0.24),total carbon content(1.77±0.07%),organic matter(2.64±0.50%),clayey soil(22.0±2.50%) and silt soil(15.0±2.50%) in the contaminated soil than uncontaminated soil. However, higher values of total nitrogen (0.83±0.04%), electrical conductivity (207.00±44.13μS/cm), available phosphorus (0.68±0.07mg/kg), and moisture content (14.02±2.59%) were revealed in uncontaminated soil than contaminated soil. The study has shown that soil contaminated with hydrocarbon and heavy metal can easily affect the physiochemical properties of the soil.
Key words: Soil contaminated, hydrocarbon, heavy metals, oil spill, and physiochemical indices.

Geoelectric Investigation Of The Subsurface Characterization And Groundwater Status In Ikot Osurua Community, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Okon Peter, Udeme Inyang & Itoro Sampson
Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic,
Ikot Osurua, Akwa Ibom State
Email: apostleop5family@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to investigate the subsurface layer parameters in Ikot Osurua, Akwa Ibom State with a view to determining the aquifer configurations which will assist in sitting high yield boreholes in the
community. A total of five (5) vertical electrical sounding (VES) were conducted using the integrated Geoinstrument service (IGIS) resistivity meter to generate the field data. The Schlumberger sounding was carried
out with current electrode spacing (AB) ranging from 1-300m. The distance used for the potential electrode spacing (MN) ranging from 0.25-10m. This array was employed in view of it resolution power and its reliability. The field data obtained were subjected to interpretation by partial curve matching and by computer iteration using IP12 WIN software. The interpreted results were constrained by lithological log to produce the geoelectric sections of the subsurface. The geoelectric section showed three (3) to five (5) layered subsurface of top soil, lateritic sand, consolidated sand, clay sand and aquifer layer with different curve types which were
Q, KH, and K. Aquifer characterization of the area showed that the aquifer resistivity with depth ranging from 89.2Ωm to 3287Ωm and 40m to 80m although it varies in some locations, this is an indication of the presence of fresh groundwater. Appropriate depths to which portable water can be obtained from the various locations are recommended in this study.
Keywords: Groundwater potentials, subsurface lithology, vertical electrical sounding (VES), Schlumberger configuration.

Comparative Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Fresh and Dried Cyperus Esculentus

Ikpe Vitalis & Uchechukwu Ann
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences
Caritas University, Amorji-Nike Enugu
Email: vitalis.ikpe@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Phytochemicals are bioactive molecules present in plants. Some of them have antioxidant activities that impact on human health. This study assessed the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of
ethanol extracts of fresh and dried Cyperus esculentus nut by standard methods. Both fresh and dried Cyperus esculentus nut contained saponin, flavonoid, phenol, steroids, terpenoid, terteoids, anthroquinone, cyanogenic and cardiac glycosides, tannins, alkaloids and reducing sugar. Quantitatively, dried Cyperus esculentus nut had higher concentrations of these phytochemicals than the fresh nut. Fresh nut had alkaloid content of 1.8%, flavonoid 12.2%, tannins 0.63mg/l, phenol 1.0% and glycosides 0.75 % while the dried nut had alkaloid content of 4.0%, flavonoid 32.0%, tannins 2.63mg/l, phenol 1.4% and glycosides 0.54%. The antioxidant capacity in fresh nuts using phosphomolybdenum, hydrogen peroxide and reducing power assays where 102ug/ml, 65.90ug/ml and 154.0ug/ml respectively while the dried extract had 166.17ug/ml, 34.0ug/ml and 332.0mglml. Cyperus esculentus is an under-utilized crop with enormous potentials. It should be part of dietary consumptions because of its phytochemical contents and antioxidant benefits.
Key words: Cyperus esculentus, fresh, dried, composition, comparism.

Modular Construction: An Alternative Building in a Tough Economy

1Ihenketu Christopher, 1Iroegbu, I.O. & 2Iwudibiah Chidi Charles,
1Department of Building Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana
2Department of Building Technology, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo
Email: xtopherihe@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Modular construction is an innovative, sustainable construction delivery method utilizing off-site lean manufacturing techniques to prefabricate single or multi-storey while building structures in deliverable module sections. Modular construction can be permanent and temporary and ensures timely completion projects, jobsite improvement, waste reduction, quality control, sustainability with building design stronger than traditional home. Offsite construction can service a variety of building and construction type such as education buildings, housing, health care, office, dormitory and hospitality. The study was a survey research. The responses of one hundred and fifty (150) modular builders and another one hundred and fifty (150) traditional building contractors were randomly selected as samples for the investigation, making a sample of a total of 300 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using means, while t-test statistic was used to test the hypothesis. The finding shows that modular method of building construction assist in the realization of alternative buildings in tough economy more than traditional method. There is significant difference between modular construction and the traditional construction method towards the realization of alternative buildings in tough economy. Therefore, Modular construction provides alternative buildings in tough economy. Workshops and seminars on modular construction should be organized for contractors to enable them introduce the latest trend (Modular buildings) to the society. Client should be sanitized by the builders on the positive impacts of modular buildings.
Keywords: Modular construction, modular building strength, core benefits of modular buildings.