Category Archives: International Journal of Sciences and Advanced Innovative Research 2018

Controversy over the Uses of Computer (A Case Study of Local Government Areas in Ile-Ife kingdom, of Osun State, Nigeria)

Prince Awojoodu Soji

Department of Computer Science and Mathematics

Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, P.M.B. 5533, Ile – Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

Email: awojoodusoji@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT                                                                                                        

This research work, was carried out from four different Local Government areas, namely (Ife East, Ife South, Ife Central and Ife North), in Ile – Ife Kingdom of Osun State, Nigeria; to find out the way people think and reasoning, as whether  computer is a human being or not because computer can speak. 3,200 open questionnaires were distributed to 4 Local Governments, out of which 800 was used in each local government.  A total of 8 different locations were visited and sampled, out of which 400 questionnaires, were distributed in each location.  It was gathered that above 55% of the people  from the four local governments, supported that because computer can speak, computer is a human being, while below 45% of the people could not even understand whether or not computer can speak or computer is a human being. The results from the questionnaires when using  (SPSS), Statistical Package For Social Sciences, on  the  Pearson 2-tailed correlation coefficient, however revealed that there was no significant difference on the summary data analysis, from all the people that supported that computer is a human being in the four Local Governments areas examined, (p < 0.01) and (p < 0.05 ) table 05, respectively.  This clearly revealed that the above 55% of the people who supported that computer is a human being has become a reality, (p < 0.01) and (p < 0.05) table 05.  This thought has been misconceived to the fact that, computer, in science methodology, is classified under non living organisms.  It is assumed that computer does not have the collateral needed to make living organisms possible.  For example, computer cannot walk or move.  Computer has no blood; it has no leg or hand etc.  In fact it is a plain nonsensical device (GIGO), that means, it is what you garbage-in to computer that computer will garbage-out back to you. This thought, has brought a serious controversy over the uses of computer among some people of our society, in our newly ages, computer era, as to whether computer is a human being or not. It is quite certain that, it is when a device is being programmed by a programmer that makes the artificial human speaks or works, and the operating system makes the computer to speak and behave like human being. It was however noted that the different ways computer can speaks among others are: In Space, through Special Purpose computers (the traffic light signals and the ultrasound machine used in the hospital), through Signals (abnormal alarm), through Handset Speaking Clock, in Games Packages, through Application Packages, through DOS, through GMS (phones) etc.  It was however recalled that the constraint of computer is current (electricity), and if solar system can be replaced, the issue of power failure will be forgotten.  Histogram with curvet was used to depict the summary data of each of the local government areas sampled in Ile – Ife Kingdom, of Osun State Nigeria. 

 

Impact of Urbanisation on the Housing Rent in the Lokoja Metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria

Odaudu, Ugbede Sunday

Department of Architecture

Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria

Email: arcodauduugbede@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Increase of Housing rent is a problem in Nigeria due to urbanisation and despite the Federal Government interventions on housing provisions, Nigeria’s housing problems still remain intractable. This has led to research to be carried out on the impact of urbanisation on the housing rent in the Lokoja metropolis of Kogi State of Nigeria with the aim of assessing how the housing rent has been increasing from 1991 to 2017 in the Lokoja metropolis, in order to generate a solution that can reduce housing deficit in Nigeria. The unknown population of the study area in the following years: 1994, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2009, 2012, 2015 together with 2018 and 2021 (the projected years) were calculated using Census (1991) unified formula [ Pt = Po  ] for projecting the population of any part of Nigeria and the unknown population of the study area for the selected years were known. Then, oral interviews were conducted with inhabitants of the study area that are owners of 2-bedroom bungalow or residential buildings that contain a 2-bedroom flat. One owner of a 2-bedroom bungalow or a building that contains a 2- bedroom flat represents one inhabitant. The different amounts of the housing rent that tenants have been paying from 1991 till date (2017) were known from 100 owners of a 2-bedroom bungalow or building that contains 2-bedroom flat by using systematic random sampling method, which made it possible to calculate the average housing rent per the selected years. Then, the population of the Lokoja metropolis was compared with the average housing rent within a particular selected years starting from 1991 throughout the selected years to the projected years (2018 and 2021), in order to know how the housing rent has been increasing over the years and how will this increase be in future. The results showed a rapid increase of housing rent and suggested that, the government of Nigeria and the private developers should emphasis on the construction of more houses, since there is an urbanisation that led to a great need for housing magnitude in the study area.

Key Words: Urbanisation, Housing, Impact, Increasing, Rent.

Microbiological Assessment of Soil from Dumpsites in Oduduwa University Campus

Fakorede Cecilia Nireti*, Adeyemo Mariam Adetoun, Adeyemi Oluwaseun Abayomi

Department of Biological Science

Oduduwa University Ipetumodu, Osun State, Nigeria

E-mail: olaniretifakorede@yahoo.comCorresponding author: C.N. Fakorede

ABSTRACT

Dumpsites are a prime source of environmental pollution that constitutes a habitat for vector and other nuisance organisms capable of transmitting or causing diseases. The aim of the research is to determine the dominant microorganisms present in soil from various dumpsites in Oduduwa University campus. A total of 8 soil samples labelled A-H, collected from four dumpsites and a control sample obtained from soil devoid of waste in the campus were serial diluted to investigate bacterial and fungal populations. Isolates obtained were identified and characterised using staining techniques and biochemical tests. Total bacterial count ranged from 1.23 x 10⁶ cfu/g to 9.70 x 10⁸ cfu/g with least bacterial count in sample A and highest in sample H. Fifteen Gram negative bacterial isolates and 43 isolates positive to Gram staining were obtained. The dominant bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 49 fungal isolates were obtained with the dominant organism been Aspergillus spp. From experimental results, microbial load recovered from top soil from dumpsites is far higher than those obtained from control soil sample. Pathogenic microorganisms were discovered to be present in soil samples from various dumpsites.

Keywords: Dumpsites, soil, pathogenic, heterotrophic count.

 

The Management of Solid and Liquid Waste in Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria

Friday Adejoh Ogwu

Department of Urban and Regional Planning

Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola

Email: fridayogwu@mautech.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

The production and disposal of waste are very integral parts of any developing or industrial society. Both domestic and commercial sources of waste have increased significantly in Nigeria over the past decade.  The percentage of Nigeria’s population living in cities and urban areas has more than doubled in the last 15 years. The cities and urban areas are experiencing continuous growths which contribute to enormous generation of solid and liquid waste.The management of waste is a matter of national and international concern. The volume of waste does not actually constitute the problem but the inability of governments, individuals and waste disposal firms to keep up with the task of managing waste and the environment. In this paper, the attention is focused on domestic waste. Some of the problems which have attended the management of this category of waste in Nigeria today would be highlighted. It is seen that Nigeria has not done well in the direction of tackling the menace of domestic waste. This is even in the face advanced management strategies existing today for domestic waste management which have been adopted in many places. The paper proffers suggestions that can assist in addressing these issues.

Keywords: Management, waste, Enugu.

Effect of Storage, Solar and Oven-Drying on the Characteristics of African Pear (Dacryodes edulis) Pulp Oil

Duru. F. C., Uneanya, G. C., Ohaegbulam, P. O. & Ochulor D.O.

Department of Food Technology

Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri

Corresponding author: Duru. F. C

Email: durufaustina@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

African pear pulp oil samples extracted from oven-dried (40°C). Solar-dried (40-45°C) and room temperature-stored (26°C) African pear (Dacryodes edulis) fruits were examined for selected physical and chemical characteristics. The oven-dried pear oil exhibited a normal green colour the solar-dried pear oil had a deep-green colour and the room temperature-stored pear oil was sparkling green. All the oil samples had a liquid physical state at room temperature after extraction. After fourteen (14) days of storage, the oil from the oven-dried African pear solidified, the solar-dried pear oil became semi-liquid while that held at room temperature remained liquid. The chemical analyses of the oil samples indicated that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the FFA (0.790 – 1.692 as % Oleic acid). Saponification value (437.58-577.83mgKOH/g). Peroxide value (46.40-69.60mEqO₂/g). Iodine value (87.59 -96.86g1₂/100g) and unsaponifiable matter(5-15%). There was no difference in the values obtained for specific gravity.

Keywords: African pear pulp oil, oven-dried, solar-dried.

Modeling of the Intervention of Daily Swiss Franc (CHF)/ Nigerian Naira (NGN) Exchange Rates

Ette Harrison Etuk & Obianuju Kelechi Ntagu

Department of Mathematics

Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Corresponding author: Ette Harrison EtukEmail:etuk.ette@ust.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

This research work is concerned with the modeling of daily exchange rates of Swiss Franc (CHF) and the Nigerian Naira (NGN). The data started from 18^th May 2016 to 16^th November 2016.  The time plot shows an abrupt rise on 21^st June 2016 in the quantity of Naira to the Franc. This is the intervention point.  It is believed that this is due to the current epression in the Nigerian economy. The pre-intervention rates show a generally upward trend and are adjudged stationary by the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test.   First-order differencing rids it of non-stationarity.  Going by its autocorrelation structure a subset AR(5) is fitted to it. Forecasts on the basis of it were made for the post-intervention part of the series. Difference between these forecasts and their corresponding actual observations was modeled to get the transfer function and this function was observed to be statistically significant. This indicates model adequacy. No wonder there is a very close agreement between the intervention forecasts and their corresponding post-intervention exchange rates. This model may be used as the basis of management of the situation.

Keywords: Swiss Franc, Nigerian Naira, exchange rates, Arima modeling

Toxicity of Copper Sulphate on Copepod species

Nwakanma, C., & Chimezie A. F.

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology

College of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria

Email: dr.nwakanmac@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The toxicity of copper sulphate on zooplankton was studied. Copepod, a tropical freshwater zooplankton was isolated from Qua Iboe river water and treated with copper sulphate solutions in concentration of 0,5,10,15 and 20 mg/l for a contact period of 48 hrs. Meanwhile physiochemical and microbiological characteristics of the river water was also studied. Results showed that the river water quality was not in conformity with regulations based on WHO permissible level. Most of the heavy metals failed as well as the BOD, DO and COD levels which recorded 7.03μg/l, 9.83μg/l and 11367mg/l respectively. The microbial loads were also higher than the permissible levels with total viable counts of bacteria load of 1.67×109cfu/ml and fungi load of 7.61×102cfu/g. Toxicity levels of Copper on live copepods was in the range of 23.83% to 57.1%. Toxicity was found to increase with increasing concentrations of CuSO₄ from 5μg/ml to 20μg/ml which represented active activity of pollutant against the organism. It was observed that discharge of CuSO₄ containing wastes into the environment constitute a level of pollution with potential adverse consequences to human health.

Keywords: algae, copepods, toxicity, food chain, ecology, copper sulphate