Category Archives: International Journal of Medical Science and Applied Biosciences 2018

TYPES AND MAGNITUDE OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OBIO/AKPOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

Onwukwe, N. A., Oboh R. A., Osuji S., Onyekwere F., Wali J.

Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences

Madonna University Nigeria, Elele Campus, Rivers State

Email: kaakaamain@yahoo.com

Corresponding author: Onwukwe, N. A.

 ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to know the types and magnitude of refractive errors among secondary school students in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. A cross-sectional study in which 200 randomly selected students aged 10-17 years (mean age=13.52±2.045) from seven (7) randomly selected secondary schools was conducted. Unaided visual acuities of the subjects were measured at far and near using the Snellen’s distant and near acuity charts. The refractive errors were measured using a keeler streak retinoscope and trial lens and frames for objective and subjective refractions. Findings were recorded on a prepared data sheet. Data were analyzed with the descriptive and inferential statistics of the statistical packages for Social sciences (SPSS version 21). The prevalence of refractive errors was 97.50%. The distribution of refractive errors were as follows: 58.3% of the participants were astigmats which was found to have the highest prevalence, 22.46% of the participants were myopic, and the least prevalent was hyperopia with 19.25% participants. In the frequency of distribution of refractive errors, age 13 years (16%) was the highest and age 17 years (6.5%) was the lowest. From the result of this study, regular vision screening program of students is necessary, both in the rural and urban areas and thereby recommended, to know the distribution and burden of refractive errors as it affects the academic performance of school children.

APPRAISAL OF KNOWLEDGE OF CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION PROCEDURES AMONG CARDIAC PATIENTS IN CARDIOLOGY UNIT OF TANTA UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL HOSPITAL, EGYPT

¹Abdulmaleek Musa Aliyu & ²OM Ebraheim Ali, ³Nagwa Ragab Attia & ⁴Reda Abd Elsalam

¹Department of Nursing Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State

^2,3,4Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University, Egypt

Email: abdulmaleekmusa29@yahoo.com, nagwaragab@rocketmail.com

Corresponding author: Abdulmaleek Musa Aliyu

ABSTRACT

Cardiac catheterization is a valuable diagnostic procedure which does a Comprehensive examination of how the heart and its blood vessels function. One or more catheters are inserted through a peripheral blood vessel in the antecubital artery or vein and or femoral artery or vein with x-ray guidance. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge appraisal cardiac catheterization procedures among cardiac patients in cardiology unit of Tanta Educational Hospital, Egypt.  Fifty patients undergoing the procedure of cardiac catheterization were selected to participate in this study for two months. Single tools were used for collection of data that was necessary for this study as follows: Patient’s Knowledge Assessment Regarding Cardiac Catheterization Questionnaire, which comprises of socio-demographic characteristics of study population and patients’ knowledge regarding cardiac catheterization. More than half of the study samples were female, illiterate, within the age range of 51years and above. 46% of the samples were married. 52% had previous history of cardiac catheterization and 56% got sources of knowledge and information about cardiac catheterization from health workers. 66% of the patient had poor knowledge regarding the procedure of cardiac catheterization.  The statistical analysis shows there is a significant relationship between level of knowledge, as cardiac patients shows poor knowledge as regards to the procedure of cardiac catheterization. Hence, awareness about this procedure could be as a result of advent of new technology in health care delivery.

Key words: Cardiac catheterization, cath lab, knowledge, catheterization procedure, Tanta.

AN APPRAISAL OF COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE MALNUTRITION (CMAM) PROGRAMME AMONG MALNOURISHED CHILDREN AT A GENERAL HOSPITAL IN NORTH-WEST NIGERIA

Hamza Ruqayya1, Idris Abdulrashid1*, Salisu Abubakar1, Garba Saratu Abdullahi1,
Abdullahi Aisha Suleiman1, Mohammed Mustapha2
1Department of Nursing Science, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
2Hospital Service Management Board, Katsina State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author: Idris Abdulrashid
ABSTRACT
Severe acute malnutrition has been a major cause of childhood mortality, especially among
children under the age of five, with an estimated figure of about 20 million children worldwide.
The study determined the outcome of CMAM programme, the role of healthcare workers in the
CMAM programme, and challenges of the programme. Utilizing a mixed method research
design for the study which included all health care workers involved directly or indirectly in the
CMAM programme and malnourished children that were admitted between the years 2012-2014
for the CMAM programme in Baure general hospital, Katsina state; A purposive sampling
technique was used to recruit the sample size of 37 health workers and also reviewed previous data
of admitted malnourished children. After obtaining an informed consent for the study, a
structured questionnaire and a checklist for WHO-Sphere minimum standard were used as tools
for collecting data. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS)
version 20. Findings of the study revealed that, the default rate was <5% while the death rate
was <3%; 83.8% of the respondents agreed that in-patient/out-patient therapeutic management is
the role of healthcare workers, while 97.3% agreed that shortage of manpower was the most
challenging issue in the programme. Based on the findings, it was recommended that
Government and Non-governmental organisations should sustain the programme and also
ensure adequate pre-service training on CMAM programme for healthcare workers; health
institutions and health related programmes in the universities should include WHO CMAMModel
into their curriculum and take the lead in developing training courses, materials and
teaching aids.
Key words: Outcome, community management, acute malnutrition, malnourished children.

AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC IN ANYIGBA, KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

Ocheni Joshua & Balogun M. B.

Department of Food, Nutrition and Home Science

Kogi State University, Anyigba

Email: Joshuaocheni156@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Anaemia is one of the most frequently observed health problems in the world today, especially among vulnerable groups like pregnant women. Data on blood parameters (Hb and PCV) of the subjects studies were collected from three selected hospitals in Anyigba, Kogi State. Seventy pregnant women were randomly selected from each hospital to assess and compare the prevalent of anaemia between 1998 and 2004. Effect of paracity on their blood parameter was also studied. Prevalence of anaemia was categorized into percentage of subject with severe anaemia, moderate, or acceptable levels of blood parameters. Among the 160 pregnant women studied 27.5% had severe anaemia, 60.6% moderate and 11.9% acceptable. Severity of anaemia increased with increased paracity. Anaemia was found to be more prevalent among women of lower-economic status.

LOCATION OF URACIL DNA GLYCOSYLASE (UDG) IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

Abdullahi Ahmed Minjibir

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,

School of Technology, Kano State Polytechnic

ABSTRACT

Every day about 100-500 cytosine undergo unplanned deamination in a particular cell. Deamination of cytosine to uracil is one of the major pro-mutagenic events in DNA, causing G:C→A: T transition mutations if not repaired before replication. Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) is a major protein that coordinate many cellular activities however, it positions in the cell determine the type of activity its control. Repair of uracil-DNA is achieved in a base-excision pathway initiated by UDG.  In this research the location of UDG was determined inSW480 cells. To determine the location of UDG protein in SW 480 cells, the cells were treated with 100mU Bleomycin(BLM) and 100ug 5-Flourourecil(5-FU). The FITES florescence photograph of the cells shows that UDG protein is localizing in the cytoplasm as seen by a glowing green colour of the tagged antibody around the cell’s nucleus in both treated and untreated cells. However, the DAPI florescence photograph shows a dark central image with no glowing of antimouse antibody indicating the absence of the protein in the nucleus.

Keywords: Uracil DNA glycosylase, bleomycin, 5- fluorouracil, genes and antigens.

THE CHEMISTRY AND MEDICINAL UTILITY OF PHENOTHIAZINE & PHENOXAZINE HETROCYCLES

Efeturi Onoabedje¹  ,  Ojarikre Enoo² & Ikenazor Herbert³

University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

^2&3Madonna University, Elele, Nigeria.,

E-mail¹: efeturi.onoabedje@unn.edu.ng, ojasmotivation@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

From their traditional applications as dyes and pigments, phenothiazines and phenoxazines have gained prominent place in medicine as pharmacological lead structures. This has prompted unprecedented exploratory modification of the parent structures via organic synthesis with a view of synthesizing novel derivatives with improved biological properties. This review underscores various synthetic transformative stages of phenothiazine and phenoxazine scaffolds.Keywords: phenothiazine, phenoxazine, azaphenothiazine, azaphenoxazine, benzophenothiazine, benzophenoxazine, antipsycotic, antimicrobial, anticancer