Category Archives: International Journal of Educational Research and Management Technology 2017

Analysis of the Overview of the Causes of Fire Outbreaks in Nigerian Markets

Odaudu Ugbede Sunday

Department of Architecture

 Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria

Email: arcodauduugbede@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Markets employ traders and several auxiliary workers such as porters, truck pushers, revenue collectors, security, among others. To reduced fire outbreaks in markets in Nigeria, the causes of fire were critically considered in this study, in order to check the high frequency of fire outbreaks in markets in Nigeria. There is a need to take steps to curb these raging fire outbreaks through preventive measures to avoid further loss of lives, goods and properties. The causes of fire outbreaks in Nigeria were recapped with the aim of being informed of the inappropriate activities of people that causes fire outbreaks in markets and thereby reduces fire outbreaks and the consequences. To investigate the causes fire outbreaks in markets in Nigeria and to analyse the damages caused by fire outbreaks in markets in Nigeria as well as evaluating ways to reduce fire outbreaks in markets in Nigeria are the objectives. The methodology for this study is the review of relevant literature on the past fire outbreaks in markets and other commercial buildings in and outside Nigeria, in order to know their possible causes and other related issues. The findings showed that, there is no study on the assessment of damages caused by fire outbreaks in markets in Nigeria; subsequently, there is need for the analysis of the damages caused by fire outbreaks in markets in Nigeria. It is expected that, this study shall educate people about the danger of fire outbreaks, by informing them about their various inappropriate activities that cause fire outbreaks in markets in Nigeria. It is also expected that, this study shall lay a foundation for further studying of causes of fire outbreaks in markets in Nigeria. Thus, it is recommended that, people should be well educated with regards to how to stop their inappropriate activities that cause fires in Nigeria markets, in order to reduce the incidences of fire outbreaks and their consequences.

Keywords: Causes, Damages, Fire Outbreaks, Markets, Nigeria.

Improving Expo/Exhibition Daylighting in the Tropics by Reducing Energy Consumption

Abdullahi Yusuf & Dr. A. J. Ango

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Design

Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Email: yusufwilsonwakawa@gmail.com, aaronango@gmail.com

Correspondence Author: Abdullahi Yusuf

ABSTRACT

Getting light into the building entity in a clever way is an important stride to designing energy efficient buildings. Learning how to use daylighting, in an efficient way while having control will reduce energy demands in buildings and also and facilitate a good visual comfort for users especially in a developing country like Nigeria where most trade fare take place using artificial lighting which increases operational cost. Most Expo/Exhibition tends to use artificial lighting because proper daylighting design has not integrated into the building. This study identifies different daylighting techniques that will reduce operational cost and at the same time, create a good visual experience. Literatures on daylighting were studied, in which the advantages of daylighting in buildings were identified, different daylighting techniques and system were examined and various ways daylighting can reduce operational cost. Case studies of relevant exhibition Centre buildings were analysed using appropriate variables, a model of the entire building, simulation using Ecotect, Radiance and daysim and data from metrological department and validation of result carried out furthermore changes was made to the various material under observation in terms of their “u-value” “R-value” and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) and it was observed that energy consumption in terms of lighting was reduced by 35% from Daylight Factor (DF) Analysis26% to 75%. An important finding of the research was that a conscious proposition that will fuse daylighting as a major design consideration in term of materials and design considerations is essential for a successful daylighting design for buildings. This finding affects the design process from optimizing building orientation, the perfect size, form and glazing treatment for windows, working with bright interior surface and shading for visual comfort. For the research design, atrium, laminated glass, and light shelves was appropriate for use. The implication of this finding opens a new dimension to the design of Expo/Exhibition centres.

Keywords: Daylighting, Energy Consumption, Energy saving, Sustainability, Expo/Exhibition centres, daylight material, Visibility transmittance, U-value, R-value

Conversion from Ultimate Limit State to Serviceability Limit State for Foundation Design: Critique of Current Practice and Codes/Standards

Audu Isa Ibrahim Dakas & Akolo Peter Enjugu

Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Sciences

University of Jos, Jos

Email: abdullahidakas@gmail.com

Corresponding Author: Audu Isa Ibrahim Dakas

ABSTRACT

The adoption and utilisation of ultimate loads for serviceability limit state conditions in foundation design has become a practice due to the cumbersome and time consuming processes and procedures for load computation and estimation. This practice has resulted in safe but uneconomic foundation designs since large values of loads imply increased base areas of footings or number of piles for such building foundation stability. However, for safe and economic designs of foundations, the need for the conversion of ultimate limit loads to serviceability limit state conditions is important. To address that, this paper reviews the extant literature and body of knowledge to understand the extent of practice and documentation. It is revealed that some available conversion factors have been identified and detailed. Also, previous and recent developments on this fundamental design parameter have been summarised and highlighted, including the extent of application of this parameter. These show gross shortcomings in the conversion of ultimate limit state loads to serviceability limit state loads. Therefore, until appropriate conversion factors that are applicable and acceptable are evolved, to aid speedy conversion of loads aggregated at the ultimate limit state to service loads, the implication is continuous uneconomic foundation designs at the expense of building clients.

Keywords: foundation design, conversion factors, ultimate loads, serviceability loads, codes of practice

The Roles of Scavengers in Waste Management in Abuja Municipal Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria

Ogah, A T; Adana, M.Y; Magaji. J. I & Kadafa A. A

Department of Geography,

Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria

Email: tankogah@yahoo.com

Corresponding Author: Ogah, A T

ABSTRACT

The study the roles of scavengers in waste management in Abuja Municipal area council was aimed at assessing the importance of scavengers in managing waste in the area. Descriptive research design was adopted for the methodology in which data were generated from questionnaires, interview, and observation methods. 120 copies of the questionnaires were administered to the respondents. The sample size was taken from the four clusters of dumpsite in Karmo, Kuchingoro, Lugbe Federal Housing and Gosa according to the population encountered at each location at various points. All those encountered at the dumpsites at Karmo, Kuchingoro and Federal Housing was sampled except Gosa where 25 each were randomly sampled from scavenging and sorting groups. Finally the results revealed that tabulated value (T.V.) from Chi-Square table is 9.488, while the calculated value (C.V.) is 73.33. Which implies that since the C.V. (73.33) > T.V. (9.488), we accept that scavengers perform useful roles in waste management in Abuja Municipal Area Council. Therefore, the work concludes that unless the scavengers are given the necessary encouragement by the government, AEPB, and the society, effective waste management in AMAC will still remain a mirage. It is recommended that the Abuja Environmental Protection Board should hasten up the process of registering the various scavengers groups and regulate their activities so as to make scavenging a good source of youth empowerment.

Keywords: Scavengers, role, waste management, dumpsites

Role of Ecotourism Development as Biodiversity Conservation Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation in Cross River State-Nigeria

Egbe, Cyprian Amba, (Ph.D)

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike- Abia State

Email: egbecypral@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Since the 1970’s threats from the Sahelian drought which alerted the world community of a possible climate change and the continued rise in the long term mean temperature of the world, meteorologist, geographers, geologists, climatologist as well as environmentalists and agriculturists have been restive in making efforts to control the envisaged phenomenon. ‘The incessant ecological degradation and attendant biodiversity loss of nature’s species all over the world and Nigeria in particular tend to threaten the survival of mankind on planet earth. Efforts so far to mitigate this scenario no doubt have been commendable. These are through brain -storming in conferences and workshops such as the 1987 Montreal protocol, UN sponsored 1992 framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC), the 1997 Kyoto protocol, the Copenhagen conferences in 2010 and the kankok conference in Mexico. Others are introduction of carbon credit and accumulation of carbon in the forest zones, tree planting, awareness campaign, the conservation of forests for Nations with available forest lands, the green wall project etc. This paper focused on highlighting the important role of Ecotourism development in biodiversity conservation efforts and mitigation of increasing climate variability and change in the world and Nigeria in particular. Ecotourism is concerned with nature tourism which advocates conservation of biodiversity, creation of environmental awareness, preservation of biodiversity resources, creates employment and provides other benefits for the stakeholders. These benefits help reduce dependence of people on forest resources and encourage forest regeneration and reclamation which provides avenue for carbon sink and carbon credit to reduce incidence of climate change and provide revenue to Nigeria and the world at large.

Key words:  Ecotourism, development, biodiversity conservation, climate change, mitigation

The Effect of Aspect Ratio of Compact Forms on Thermal Comfort in a Telecommunications Office Building in Hot-Dry Region

Ibrahim Tajuddeen & Dr. A. J. Ango

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Design

Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

E-mail: Ibrahim.tajuddeen42@gmail.com

Corresponding Author: Ibrahim Tajuddeen

ABSTRACT

Telecommunications office buildings have become important to the development of every nation’s economy, and on the other hand, they mostly have large workspaces, thereby, making thermal comfort a necessity. Unfortunately in the hot-dry regions, achieving this comfort has always been through mechanical means with excessive use of energy. The study aimed at investigating the suitable aspect ratio of building forms (compact forms) in a telecommunications office building in a hot-dry climate of Maiduguri. It therefore focused on, firstly, examining the thermal performance of different building forms of the same floor area against their volume to surface ratio (V/S) and secondly, the forms were further optimized with different aspect ratios elongated along east-west orientation. ECOTECT program was used to experimentally study the energy performance and solar radiation on exposed surfaces of the forms using weather data files of hot-dry region. The study showed that forms with higher V/S  performs better, and also 20% solar radiation on the west surface could be further reduced during summer period when optimized with an optimum aspect ratio of (1:2.5) as compared to aspect ratio (1:1).

Keywords: Aspect ratio, Building forms, Hot-dry climate, Volume to surface ratio, large         workspace, Thermal comfort.

Analysis of Physiochemical Parameters of Bottled Water sold in Umuahia Metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria

Chioma N. & Egoka, G. M

Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology

College of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Abia State, Nigeria

Email:  dr.nwakanmac@gmail.com

Corresponding Author: Chioma N.

ABSTRACT

The analysis of physiochemical parameters of bottled water sold in Umuahia Metropolis were investigated using standard method for water quality analysis. The results of the brands of bottled water obtained showed that brands labeled A, B, C, D, and E had variations in acceptable values as compared to WHO standards. Mean values of analysis obtained for physiochemical parameters are: Colour A(0.04_{ebc unit}); B(0.03 _{ebc unit}); C(0.011 _{ebc unit}); D(0.010 _{ebc unit}); E(0.004 _{ebc unit})}, Temperature A(29.80⁰C); B(30.00⁰C); C(29.80⁰C); D(29.80⁰C); E(30.10⁰C)}, DO A(156.10 _mg/L); B(167.50 _mg/L); C(175.50 _mg/L); D(149.80 _mg/L); E(128.20 _mg/L)}, Cl (mg/L _mg/L) {A(152.44 _mg/L); B(138.26 _mg/L); C(124.08 _mg/L); D(120.52 _mg/L); E(113.44 _mg/L)}, and BOD A(178.90 _mg/L); B(188.40 _mg/L); C(188.90 _mg/L); D(160.20 _mg/L); E(139.50 _mg/L)}. When comparing result to WHO standards, the samples had a huge variance for maximum permissible limits. The results obtained from the present study reveals that there should be further investigation of the brands of bottled water available in Umuahia Metropolis to ascertain their quality in respects to drinking water standards as recommended by WHO.

Keywords: Water quality, pollution control, water, pH, BOD, COD, Umuahia Metropolis

Effectiveness of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Variability in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Nwosu I. E. & Okringbo I. J.

Department of Rural Sociology and Agricultural Extension

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State

E-mail: nwosu.iheanye@gmail.com

This paper assessed effectiveness of adaptation strategies to climate variability in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Purposive random sampling technique was employed to select hundred and twenty (120) respondents across the three agricultural zones of the state. Data collected were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA). The result of the study shows that the effectiveness of adaptation strategies as perceived by farmers: mixed cropping (= 4.1), crop rotation (= 3.8) and postponing of farming periods (= 4.5) were all effective adaptation strategies to climate variability. The study further revealed that mean score on the use of improved genetic resource among cassava, yam and cocoyam by farmers were 4.36±0.07^a, 4.33 ± 0.07^b and 4.28±0.07^c.  Furthermore, the use of improved production techniques among cassava yam and cocoyam had 4.29±0.07^a, 4.23±0.06^b and 4.20±0.06^a. Planting of leguminous crops had a mean variation between cassava, yam and cocoyam 4.32±0.06^a, 4.32±0.06^a and 4.30±0.06^a. The Duncan Multiple Range test was used as mean separation technique and it indicated a significant difference (F-ratio 0.006) on the effective use of improved genetic resource among the three arable crops. Hence, it was recommended that farmers should be provided with modern and efficient processing and storage facilities.

Keywords: Effectiveness, adaptation strategies, climate variability and farmers

Estimation of some selected Heavy Metals in the Soil of Maiganga Coal Mine and Environs, Gombe-Nigeria

¹Adamu, Sani Jauro; ²Babayo, Abdulkarim Umar; ³Firuza, Begham Mustafa & ⁴Muhammad, Rahima Hamid

¹Department of Geography, Gombe State University, PMB 127 Tudun-Wada Gombe, Gombe State

²Department of Chemical Science, Federal University, Kashere, Gombe State Nigeria

³Department Of Geography, University Of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur-Malaysia

⁴Department of Chemical Science, Federal University Kashere Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria

Email: sanidaddy@gmail.com)(sanidaddy@gsu.edu.ng

Corresponding Author: Adamu, Sani Jauro

ABSTRACT

A study to Estimate the concentration of some heavy metals: Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb and Cr in the soils around Maiganga coal mine and it environ was conducted, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. A total of 42 composite soil samples each was taken after every 120meters at the study area, about 42 soil samples were collected which comprises of ; 9 soil samples from coal mine area; 9 soil samples from farmland area,  while about 24 soil samples were also collected from residential area respectively in July/August 2016.The result of this investigation reveals that Ni has a mean concentration of 12.65 2.08ppm, 11.44 0.74ppm and 9.45 6.12ppm from coal mine: farm land; residential area respectively, with the lowest value of 10.48ppm at Maiganga overburden, 10.48ppm at Maiganga farmland and 4.45ppm at Bakin Tasha, with highest values of 15.46ppm at Maiganga mining pit, 12.29ppm at Wuro Sarki Farmland and 20.05ppm at Kufayi. Therefore, the result reveals the concentration of Ni in coalmine area and residential area above the permissible limit of 15mg/Kg as reported by WHO 2007, while the concentration at the farmland area are within the permissible limit, the high concentration of Ni in the residential and coal mine area may be attributed to the combustion of fossil fuels from the cars that are transporting the coal which corroborate the findings of Boadu, 2014. In Cd the mean concentration ranges from 0.20  0.12ppm, 0.15  0.009ppm and 0.12,  0.01ppm from farm land, residential area and coal mine areas respectively, with a lowest value of 0.09ppm recorded at Lakwalag farmland, 0.14ppm at Kayel baga, 0.10ppm at Maiganga Overburden, with a highest value of  0.36ppm at Maiganga farmland, 0.17ppm at Gindin Gamji and 0.13ppm at Maiganga Inter burden. According to WHO 2007 the maximum acceptable limit for Cd is 0.35mg/Kg, therefore from the above result it reveals that only concentration of one sample from Maiganga farmland is above the maximum acceptable limit, while samples from the coalmine and residential areas are all within the permissible limit, and these may be as a result of the addition of fertilizers for organic amendments to the farmland area as discovered by Boadu, 2014. Cu has a mean concentration ranging from 0.20, 0.02ppm, 0.19 0.02ppm, 0.14 0.02ppm from farmland, coalmine and residential areas respectively, with the lowest value of 0.18ppm at Wuro Sarki Farmland, 0.17ppm at Maiganga mining pit and 0.12ppm at Jauro Lakonjol, with a highest value of 0.23ppm at Maiganga farmland, 0.21ppm at Maiganga overburden and 0.18ppm at Lakwalag A, as such this reveals that the concentration of Cu from all the sampling areas are below the permissible limit of 30mg/kg as reported by WHO 2007.Cr mean concentration ranges from 0.72 0.10ppm, 0.65 0.03ppm and 0.62 0.13ppm from the farmland, coalmine and residential areas respectively, with the lowest value of 0.59ppm at Wuro Sarki farmland,  0.61ppm at Maiganga mining pit and 0.46ppm at Jauro lakonjol and kufayi, while the  recorded highest values of 0.80ppm was at Maiganga farmland, 0.68ppm at maiganga overburden and 0.80ppm at kayel baga (J.H)respectively. Therefore, this reveals that the concentration of Cr in all the sampling area are below the acceptable limit of 100mg/kg set by NESREA, 2011.From the foregoing analysis Pb is the only element that was not detected in all the samples collected from all the experimental plots at the study area. The research recommend the continues monitoring of heavy metals concentration in the soils of Maiganga coal mine and environs by regular assessment of heavy metals concentration in their soils, as well as analysis of  some selected vegetative covers to observed any vegetation changes that might be as a result of heavy metals pollution.

Keywords: Estimation of Some Selected Heavy Metals, Gombe-Nigeria, In the Soil of, Maiganga Coal Mine and Environs

CONTENTS

S/N	Title	Author(s)	Pages
1	Transforming Educational Management Monitoring and Evaluation for Sustainable National Development	Saadatu Bello	1-10
2	The Role of French Language towards Development of Nigeria	Kunle Olusa& Samson Akintayo	11-20
3	Influence of some Parental Attachment Variables on Academic Achievement of Students in Biology in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria	Oyo-Ita, M.E. (M.Ed) & Bassey, P. U. (Ph.D	21-36
4	Challenges of Implementation of Technical and Vocational Education Policy in Benue State	Dr. Daniel Momngu Tiough & Emmanuel FanenUpwa	37-51
5	Rehabilitating Victims of Insurgency in Internally Displaced Persons Camps through Counseling for National Integration in Yobe State, Nigeria	Umaru Abdullahi & Mohammed Bala Hashidu	52-64
6	Application of ICT Facilities for Teaching Mechanical Trades in Technical Colleges in Adamawa State	Shambirna’ah Godiya & Jafaru Abana	65-78