Category Archives: International Journal of Medical Science and Applied Biosciences 2016

CONTENT

S/N	Title	Author(s)	Pages
1	Novel R-Plasmid from E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Patients-Mediated Resistance to the Fluoroquinolones and other Antibiotics in Benin City Nigeria	Oronsaye, F. E. (MLS, MSC, DD, PhD)	1-10
2	Phytochemical Screening and Antifungal Effect of Carica papaya	Ikpe V.P.O (PhD)	11-19
3	Ebola Outbreak in West Africa and CSOs Response	Umar Ibrahim & Umar Farouk Ismail2	20-30
4	Coliform Bacteria Analysis of River Amba, Lafia, Nasarawa State	1M.K. Haruna, 2A.M. Idi-Ogede, 3A.S. Wali and 4A.D. Vershima	31-39
5	Histological Effects of Ciprofloxacin on the Cytoarchiture of the Testes of Adult male Wistar Rats	E.O. Nweke’, F.C. Akpuaka², T. M Nweke’, C. O. Elemuo’	40-48
6	Neurobehavioural Effects of Pain Sensation in Mice following Chronic Consumption of Cooked Beans Diet (Vigna unguiculata)	*Aduema W.1,Iniodu, C.F., 2 Opara, J.K.2 and Ifedi, .C.1	49-63
7	Water Treatment Using Moringa Oleifers Seeds	Muhammad, H. Garba, A. Isa, Aisha S.	64-70
8	Utilization of Talinum triangulare (Water-Leaf) in Accessing the Level of some Heavy Metals in selected Farm Sites around Veritas University, Abuja, Nigeria	1Ebiekpe, V. E., 2Okafor, P. C. 2Uwah, I. E. 1Ogwuda, U. A. &1Agbaghare, D. E.	71-83

Novel R-Plasmid from E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Patients-Mediated Resistance to the Fluoroquinolones and other Antibiotics in Benin City Nigeria

Oronsaye, F. E. (MLS, MSC, DD, PhD)

Department of Medical Laboratory Science,

University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City

E-mail: sayfrankon@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Diarrhoea disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries especially among children especially infants three years and below. Moreover, Escherichia coli has been incriminated as cause of diarrhoea. This organism has been known as a normal biotype in the gut of humans and animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the involvement of this organism as cause of diarrhoea. And to screen the resistant strains so isolated for the presence of transferable conjugative R-Plasmid DNA. Three hundred stool samples were collected from patients in various hospitals in Benin City ad and cultured using routine methods in Medical microbiology department of University of Benin teaching hospital. Benin city, Nigeria. One hundred strains of entero-virulent Escherichia coli strainswereisolated from the samples and were identified to species level using the protocol ofCowan and Steel. Serotypingwas also done using antisera obtained from Biotech laboratories UK Antibiotics susceptibility tests was carried out on the isolates, using    the methods of Stokes. R-Plasmid DNA analysis was carried to isolate and characterize the Plasmid DNA using the alkaline analysis method of Tagahashi and Nagano. The isolated strains belong the following 0. Serotypes; 01, 020, 063, 044 (4strains), 055, 063, 027, 08, 0167, 00153, 0025, 029, 026, 0158.0018, 014, 015, 0152, 00142, 0028ac, 012ac, 0153, 0156, and 0157 (8 strains). Plasmid DNA analysis showed three Plasmid bands greater than that of the reference Plasmid marker HIND111. This study presents, the isolation of R- Plasmid strains conferring resistance to the fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents and other antibiotics in Benin City, Nigeria.

Keywords: Plasmids, diarrhoea, antibiotics, strains, entero-virulent, fluoroquinolone

Phytochemical Screening and Antifungal Effect of Carica papaya

Ikpe V.P.O (PhD)

Department of Biochemistry

Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria

Email:ikpeforsuccess@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Medicinal plants have extensively been used to cure and in some cases to manage diseases including infections by pathogenic organisms. The objective of the study was to ascertain quantitatively the phytochemical constituents, the antifungal effect and Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carica papaya latex. The phytochemical screening for the chemical Composition was conducted with the unripe fruit, back and inside (latex) by making incisions and colleting the exuding liquid. The MIC and antifungal effect of the latex were studied at different concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% using two test organisms namely Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. The constituents included saponin (3.8 %), flavonoid (4.2 %), glycoside (4.4 %) for the back and alkaloid(3.8%), saponin (4.7 %), tannin( 1.2 %), phenol(0.23 %),essential oil(3.8%) for the inside. Carica papaya latex extract showed inhibitory effect against Candida albicans only. The zones of inhibition in millimeters were 8.15±0.05, 10.00±0.00, 12.88±0.15, 17.38±0.15 for the different concentrations respectively. The MIC was 0.25%. Carica papaya latex inhibited the growth of Candida albicans.

Keywords:  paw-paw, extract, constituents, antifungal, effect, MIC.

Ebola Outbreak in West Africa and CSOs Response

Umar Ibrahim & Umar Farouk Ismail²

¹Governance for Global Health Department, United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, UKM Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA

²State Coordinator/NPO Routine Immunization, World Health Organization, WHO Taraba State Office-Jalingo, Taraba State-Nigeria

E-mail: umarsap@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This article highlight the roles civil society organizations (CSOs) played in response to the recent past Ebola disease epidemic in West Africa; despite the pros and cons associated with the outbreak. The article presents practical episodes of global health governance processes employing Ebola as case study. In Liberia, CSOs disseminate information, and other necessities to local communities; in Sierra Leone, CSOs conducted advocacy and sensitization activities; while in Guinea, CSOs conducted more than 20,000 information sessions. Funds diversion and human movement restrictions temporarily hampered CSOs operation during the outbreak. More disturbing was contracting of the disease by Health professionals while on duty; to protect healthcare givers at service delivery points against nasocomial infections, evidence base study that envisage workplace safety should be conducted.

Keywords: Outbreak, CSOs, response, Ebola, sensitization, healthcare

Coliform Bacteria Analysis of River Amba, Lafia, Nasarawa State

           ¹M.K. Haruna, ²A.M. Idi-Ogede, ³A.S. Wali and ⁴A.D. Vershima

¹Department of Biological Science, Federal University, Gashua

² Department of Fisheries, Federal University, Gashua

³Department of Farming System Research, Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri

⁴Department of Biological Science, University of Agriculture, Makurdi

 E-mail: mokharry2013@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Coliform bacteria analysis of river Amba in lafia, Nasarawa State was carried out for twelve months. The period of studys covered both rainy and dry season. Water samples were collected monthly from four different locations (Gandu, Wadatan-Waje, Kofan-Kaura and Ungwan- Galadima) along the river course. Coliform bacteria analysis was carried out using Multiple Tube Method. The mean total coliform bacteria values recorded for Wadatan-Waje and Ungwan-Galadima during the rainy season were higher than that of dry season.  During rainy season, the mean coliform bacteria load for Wadatan-Waje location was 16.3^a±0.00 CFU/100ml while for dry season; it had mean coliform bacteria of 14.95^e±0.05 CFU/100ml. Ungwan-Galadiman had 8.17±0.27^a CFU/100ml mean coliform bacteria load during rainy season and a 6.00^a±0.27CFU/100ml during the dry season respectively. Conclusion was made that the mean coliform values varied along the sampling stations due to levels of discharges of untreated sewage. 

Key words: Coliform, bacteria, analysis, River Amba and Nasarawa.

Histological Effects of Ciprofloxacin on the Cytoarchiture of the Testes of Adult male Wistar Rats

E.O. Nweke’, F.C. Akpuaka², T. M Nweke’, C. O. Elemuo’

‘Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odomegwu Ojukwu University Uli,

 Anambra State, Nigeria

²Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences,

Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria

Email: nwekeelizabeth@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Several studies have shown that ciprofloxacin may impair testicular functions of male wistar rat which led to the study of its effects on the testes. Twenty (20) male wistar rats (140.52± 11.25) were divided into four groups (n= 5); control (food and water ad libitium) and experimental groups (group B received 6.25mg/kg), (group C received 12.5mg/kg), and (group D received 25.0mg/kg) of ciprofloxacin, for forty (40) days respectively through orogastric tube. 24hours after the last administration for each group, the rats were anesthetized using ignasia method. The histological result (H&E) revealed incomplete maturation of spermatozoa, widening of the interstitial spaces, loss of interstitial leydig cells and testicular atrophy of the tested groups compared to their control group.

Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, antibiotics, testes, wistar rats         

         

Neurobehavioural Effects of Pain Sensation in Mice following Chronic Consumption of Cooked Beans Diet (Vigna unguiculata)

*Aduema W.¹,Iniodu, C.F., ² Opara, J.K.² and Ifedi, .C.¹

¹ Department of Human Physiology, Gregory University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria

²Department of Human Anatomy, Gregory University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria

wadioniaduema@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Pain may be defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Therefore this study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic consumption of cooked beans (Vigna unguiculata) on pain sensation using three groups of Swiss mice (control and test) weighing 18g-30g (n=10 each).The control received normal rodent chow, while the test group received 50g of cooked beans in 50g of rodent chow per day and serotonin precursor (5HTP) (0.2mg/50g w/w) diet. Water was given adlibitum while daily food and water intake, as well as body weight changes, were monitored during the 31-day study. The tail flick and formalin tests were used to assess pain sensation. The results showed that the latency of tail flick was significantly higher in the test group compared to control (p<0.05).Thus showing decrease pain sensation. However, in the formalin test, the frequency and duration of paw attention in both phases of the test was significantly lower (P< 0.05) compared to the control group. The duration and frequency of paw licks (P<0.05) was also significantly different in the cooked beans diet and serotonin precursor group compared to the control. Therefore, chronic consumption of cooked beans diet may decrease pain sensation.    

Keywords: Cooked beans, Vigna unguiculata, pain sensation, tail flick and mice.

Water Treatment Using Moringa Oleifers Seeds

Muhammad, H. Garba, A. Isa, Aisha S.

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, P.M.B 1070, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Email: bajoga1muh@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Moringa Oleifera seed is applied as coagulant in place of aluminum sulphate (Alum) used in conventional treatments plants. In this work, water is treated using moringa Oleifera seeds. The parameters were tested before and after the water were treated for seven days with the moringa seeds. The water samples (sample A, B, C, and D) were collected from four deferent locations in Gwange Word, Maiduguri. The results for the water samples before treatment showed that the sample from all the four locations (200ml each) are turbid and have a pH of 8 with the exception of location D which has a pH of 9. The samples showed a varying total bacteria count (10³cfu), A (297), B (272), C (92) and D (71). All the  moringa treated water samples are not turbid and showed a pH of seven (7) and a varying total bacteria count (10³cfu) of 3 for sample A, sample B(1), sample C and D showed Zero(0).  The present study was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of seed powder extracted from mature dried Moringa Oleifera seeds which are commonly available in most communities.

Keywords: pathogens, alum, drumstick, horseradish

International Journal of Medical Science and Applied Biosciences

¹Ebiekpe, V. E., ²Okafor, P. C. ²Uwah, I. E. ¹Ogwuda, U. A. &¹Agbaghare, D. E.

¹Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Veritas University, Abuja

²Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar

E-mail: ebivik@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Utilization of Talinum triangulare (water-leaf) in accessing the level of some heavy metals in selected farm sites around Veritas University, Abuja, Nigeria was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results obtained indicated the following ranges for the metal in the farm sites soil (in mg/kg): Farm site A: Cu(0.12), Fe(0.1), Zn(2.62), Ni(0.18), Pb(0.01), Cd(0.001) and Cr(0.001); Farm site B: Cu(0.26), Fe(0.18), Zn(1.51), Ni(1.06), Pb(0.02), Cd(0.003) and Cr(0.002); Farm site C: Cu(0.03), Fe(0.13), Zn(1.84), Ni(0.51), Pb(0.06), Cd(0.006) and Cr(0.002); Farm site D: Cu(0.06), Fe(0.11), Zn(1.22), Ni(0.16), Pb(0.05), Cd(0.002) and Cr(0.002); Farm site E: Cu(1.02), Fe(0.21), Zn(2.21), Ni(0.22), Pb(0.05), Cd(0.002) and Cr(0.003). The concentrations of the metals analyzed in the different farm sites were greater than those obtained in the control sample, but however, the obtained values were all within the NAFDAC/WHO permissible limits. The effects and environmental health implications of these heavy metals on humans are also discussed.

Keywords: Talinum  triangulare, Heavy metals, Permissible limit, Farm sites, Environmental health