Category Archives: International Journal of Environmental Studies and Safety Research 2019

The Implications of Environmental Abuse on Health and Socio – Economic wellbeing in Developing Countries: A focus on Pollution and Deforestation

¹Abanyam, Noah Lumun; ²Samaila Buba& ²Hamadu, Jennifer Hunleyedi

¹Department of Sociology, Taraba State University, Jalingo. Taraba State, Nigeria

²Department of Geography, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe State Nigeria

Email: noahlumun@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The earth produces clean air, nourishing food, fresh water and vegetation. However, environmental abuse of these natural processes is increasingly causing serious health risk and socio-economic challenges. This study examines the implications of environmental abuse on health and socio-economic wellbeing in developing countries focusing on pollution and deforestation. Tragedy of the common theory was used in analyzing the study. The study found that environmental abuse causes climate change which continue to increase threats to human health, impacts on thermal stress, death, injury, floods, and storm and indirectly through change in the ranges of disease vectors such as mosquitoes, water-borne pathogens, biodiversity deflection, erosion, water quality, air quality, and food availability and quality. The story also revealed that environmental abuse such as deforestation, wide spread hunting, air pollution and water pollution are the disastrous consequences or commonest effects associated with drought, desertification, frequent cases of floods, starvation as well as ill-health such as respiratory illness, heart disease, long cancer, cholera, typhoid fever, food contamination and highrate of warm infection. The study recommended that there should be a coordinate global approach aimed at cutting down greenhouse gas. More so, there should capacity building to integrate climate change and its impacts into development planning involving local communities, raising public awareness and education on the implications of environmental abuse on the health socio-economic wellbeing. The study concludes that scientific attention, effective implementation of law against environmental abuse, and excessive campaign against environmental abuse should be the corner stone in eradicating all forms of pollutions and deforestation in developing countries.

Keywords: Implications, Environmental Abuse, Health, Socio-economic wellbeing, Developing Countries, Pollution, Deforestation 

CONTENTS

S/N	Title	Author(s)	Pages
1	An Appraisal of Urban Water Supply System in Nigeria	Hadi Aliyu & Ibrahim M. Dankani, Ph.D	1-17
2	User Evaluation for Sustainable Construction and Maintenance IN Student Centres: A Pilot Survey of Aliyu Mustapha Student Centre	Enock Kantiok;  Musa Lawal Sagada; & Joy Joshua Maina	18-30
3	Determination of Aquifer Geometry and Assessment of Groundwater Quality in some Parts of Benin Metropolis, Nigeria	Omorogieva, O.M,2 Nwokoloh N.J, & Imasuen, O.I	31-50
4	The Impact of Sand Mining on Agricultural Activities in Gubi Community, Ganjuwa Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Auwal Garba & Abdullahi Mohammed Jalam	50-98
5	Waste and its Impacts on Environment and Health (Case Study: Jimeta, Adamawa State)	Friday Adejoh  Ogwu	99-129
6	Residents’ Assessment of the Impact of Waste Disposal System on Environmental Sustainability in Atiba Local Government Area of Oyo State	Oyewale Aderemi Oyetunde (Ph.D)	130-149
7	Analysis of the Atmospheric Compositions at Traffic Intersections on the selected Major Roads in Imo State, Nigeria	Ubuoh E. A. & Ogbuji S. I.	150-171

An Appraisal of Urban Water Supply System in Nigeria

Hadi Aliyu¹ & Ibrahim M. Dankani², Ph.D

¹Department of Geography, Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State

²Department of Geography, Usumanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto

Email: aliyuhadi14@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The effects of inadequate water supply are more visible and prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa even though is a global crisis. Nigeria is face with a lot of inadequacies in terms of water provision in its urban centers due to one reason or the other; it is faced with the problem of overcrowding resulting from massive urban influx. Hence, the low income earners of the city feel the severity of the shortage most. This paper discusses urban water supply system and a range of issues that cause water crisis in the Nigerian  urban centers; which urbanization and rapid population growth led to the unplanned expansion of  the periphery and congesting the core centers of our urban areas, thus, making provision of portable water a great challenge. An analysis was made on the causes of urban water crisis and possible recommendations were made on how to curtail the menace of water shortage in the urban centers.

Key words: Urban, Water Supply System, Nigeria

User Evaluation for Sustainable Construction and Maintenance in Student Centres: A Pilot Survey of Aliyu Mustapha Student Centre

Enock Kantiok, Musa Lawal Sagada, & Joy Joshua Maina

Department of Architecture,

Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Email: gigo44real@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

Architectural design for effective construction and functioning of facilities demands maintenance policies that will create spaces which will attract and satisfy the users. This pilot survey presents an attempt to bridge this gap using users of Aliyu Mustapha student centre located on the main campus of ABU, Zaria, Nigeria, based on solution that will preserve, enhance and retain facilities of the building, due to the nature of activities and users it accommodates. The methodology employed a mixed approach using visual survey, and user perception survey through on-site questionnaires administration which had sections which includes user bio data and user evaluation on sustainable construction and maintenance problems encountered in the buildings. Obtained data were analysed using the SPSS v.21for descriptive statistics. Result from the questionnaire survey reveals: Perception of moderate level of response to the economy; moderate level of response to society; and, high response to the natural environment. Results also show positive attitude towards the combination of indigenous and modern architecture in the design. The study concludes that the design of Aliyu Mustapha student centre reflected considerable attempts at sustaining the natural environment and components of the building. These findings imply that in future, architects and allied professionals need to pay more attention to the method of construction adopted, maintenance provisions and building materials that can withstand the weather of the region of such buildings to enhance effective maintenance.

Key words: Sustainable Construction, Maintenance, Student Centre, ABU.

Determination of Aquifer Geometry and Assessment of Groundwater Quality in some Parts of Benin Metropolis, Nigeria

^*1Omorogieva, O.M,² Nwokoloh N.J, & ³Imasuen, O.I

^*1&3Department of Geology, Faculty of Physical Sciences

University of Benin, P.M.B 1154 Benin City, Nigeria

²Delta State Ministry of Water Resources, Awin Road, Asaba, Delta State

Email:  omorogieva@physci.uniben.edu

ABSTRACT

There is thus the need to assess the quality of groundwater sources because water quality assessments form an important aspect of environmental studies. This study is aimed at understanding the aquifer geometry and assessing the quality of groundwater of two boreholes 4.2 km apart  at Okabere on 6^o1.6’23.6’’N and 5^o39’38.6’’E and Evbuabogun on 6^o1.6’23.6’’N and 5^o39’38.9’’E in Recent to Miocene Benin Formation (FM) Benin City, South-South Nigeria. Water and soil samples from the borehole were collected and analysed for physico-chemical parameters, grain size and heavy minerals analysis using standard laboratory method while heavy metals were determined with Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) unican series model 969 with air acetylene flame. The results obtained revealed that PO₄^3-, K⁺, Cr⁺⁶, Ni⁺, Pb⁺²,Fe⁺²,  were above the maximum threshold value permissible for drinking water proposed by WHO. The aquifer are shallow ranging with depths 54.90m and 45.76m respectively, grain size analysis revealed that the aquifer geometry were semi confined to unconfined and mainly of fine to coarse sand grains with intercalation of clay/shale. Heavy mineral analysis shows a preponderance of zircon, rutile, staurolite, gamet, tourmaline and kyanite suggesting that the sediments were from basement complex source. The foregoing revealed that the aquifer is vulnerable to contamination, the authors’ advocates for routine treatment of such water before consumption while remediation measure is advice.

Keywords: Assessment, WHO, groundwater quality, boreholes and heavy minerals

The Impact of Sand Mining on Agricultural Activities in Gubi Community, Ganjuwa Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria

Auwal Garba & Abdullahi Mohammed Jalam

Department of Environmental Management Technology

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi

Email:agwuntee@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Soil is a cheap natural resource made up of gravel, sand, clay, loam which constitutes different types. Pit sand, river sand and gravel are components of soil which take years to be formed but extracted in a matter of days. This study investigated the impacts of sand mining on agricultural activities in Gubi Community using data sourced from the farmers and other residents in the study area through a well-designed structured questionnaire, the data was analysed using descriptive statistics to bring out impacts and the findings of the study outline the negative environmental impacts of sand and mining which include the following: Land degradation, erosion, Deep pits with/without water, Land alterations, Loss of vegetation, Destroys grazing land and vegetation. Artificial rivulets are formed as sand is extracted uncontrollably. Excessive sand mining leads to depletion of resources on both riverbeds and open lands. There is need for stringent laws in the country which when enforced will go a long way in reducing the negative impact of sand mining on agricultural activities in the study area.

Waste and its Impacts on Environment and Health (Case Study: Jimeta, Adamawa State)

Friday Adejoh Ogwu

Department of Urban and Regional Planning

Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola

Email: fridayogwu@mautech.edu.ng; fridayogwu@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

A good E-waste management and disposal method is one of the major problems many developing countries are facing nowadays. Most of these wastes are imported from developed countries in large quantities without considering its environmental and health implications. Major African cities such as Lagos in Nigeria and Accra in Ghana are now are the centers of E-waste trade in Africa. Some of these cities lack good methods of disposing even the municipal waste that are generated everyday in the cities. E-Wastes are dumped everywhere in the cities including backyards, open dumps and even on streets.  Diseases, which are mostly caused by E-waste, are among the major causes of deaths in the world; E-waste mostly caused these diseases as a result of the toxic chemical and radioactive element it is composed of. For example chemicals such as mercury, lead and cadmium are very dangerous to human health and the environment. Some of these chemicals are responsible for the increase in cardiovascular, pulmonary and respiratory diseases. Environmentally, E-waste effects the environment by contaminating the soil and water, which can lead to the loss of biodiversity and marine habitats. It also releases pollutants (greenhouse gases), which disrupt the ozone layer and causes global warming. This paper investigates the impacts of E-waste on the environment and health of people in Jimeta, Adamawa state. The paper also categorizes the kinds of E-waste observed during data collection in the communities and identifies the hazardous substances they are composed of. It also accesses the knowledge of respondents living in the communities on E-waste and its effects. Lastly, the paper provides a list of economical and beneficial methods of E-waste management, which can be adapted by the community.

Key Words: E-waste, Environment, Health, Adamawa State.

Residents’ Assessment of the Impact of Waste Disposal System on Environmental Sustainability in Atiba Local Government Area of Oyo State

Oyewale Aderemi Oyetunde (Ph.D)

Department of Social Studies,

Emmaunel Alayande College of Education, Oyo

Email: tunsoyee@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The extent at which residents of Atiba Local Government Area, Oyo State assess the effectiveness of their waste disposal system and its impact on environmental sustainability were examined in this study. The survey evaluated the level of involvement of Atiba Local Government and her efforts in sustaining liveable environment. The descriptive survey research design was used for the study. A total of two hundred (200) respondents were randomly selected from the 10 wards that make up the local government area. A self-developed structured questionnaire was used as instrument to elicit response from the residents in the study area. The data collected were analysed and interpreted using the frequency count, simple percentages and chi-square analysis. It was revealed in the findings that residents in the study area assessed that there is significant impact of waste disposal system on human health, flooding, water pollution, air pollution and environmental sustainability. It was recommended that government at various levels should ensures strict compliance of people to environmental sanitation laws and regulation. This could be adequately addressed by making the necessary machineries needed for effective waste disposal available and accessible to the communities’ residents.

Analysis of the Atmospheric Compositions at Traffic Intersections on the selected Major Roads in Imo State, Nigeria

¹Ubuoh E. A. & ²Ogbuji S. I.

¹Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology

College of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria

²Department of Geography and Environmental Management

Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria

Email: attahubuoh@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study was aimed at Assessing   Ambient Air Chemistry at Some Traffic Intersection Points in Owerri Urban due to incessant traffic jam which has become the most recognized air quality issue in recent times. Air quality sampled for 8hours duration include: sulphur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), particulate matter (PM₁₀), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon-dioxide (CO₂) and lead (Pb) alongside meteorological variables viz: wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity. The results of the sampled air quality at the selected traffic routes were compared with FMENV/WHO standards which summarized the health implications of each of the parameters using Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) according to USEPA. The mean results of the air quality showed that in the morning and evening hours except the mean of PM₁₀, all other parameters exceeded the limits set by FEMENV/WHO with the mean wind speed values of 1.7m/s^2, temperature 31.16⁰C, and relative humidity 79.1% in the morning, and in the evening, the mean wind speed values of1.4 m/s² , temperature 30.81⁰C, and relative humidity 62.7%were recorded which affects the dispersion of the atmospheric pollutants. Using Air Quality index to assess human effects, all other parameters shown good health implications with CO₂ showing unhealthy effects.

Keywords: Ambient Air, Traffic Intersection, Pollutant Standards Index