Category Archives: International Journal of Agricultural Research and Food Production 2016

CONTENT

S/N	Title	Author(s)	Pages
1	An Analysis of Waste Management Methods Used by Commercial Poultry Farmers in Kogi and Kwara States, Nigeria	Oduwaiye, M.O, Ogunlade, I; Omotesho, K.F, &  Komolafe, S.E	1-26
2	Haematological Responses of Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles Exposed to Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Glyphader 480® Herbicide	Yongu, J.T.;  Cheikyula, J.O. & Annune, P.A.	27-35
3	Profitability Analysis of Cassava Production in Three Local Government Areas of Taraba State, Nigeria	Zakari, H.U.,  Abubakar, R.U.,  Lawan, U.A., Bello, U.D., &  Mohammed, U.S	36-50
4	Evaluation of Antinutrients, Minerals and Mineral Bioavailability of Water Yam Based Ojojo Supplemented with Bambara Groundnut	Okache, T.A., Agomuo, J.K. &  Taiwo, M.	51-73
5	Assessment of Reproductive Performances and Feed Responses of African Giant Land Snail (Archachatina marginata) using Varied Percentages of Crude Protein	S.O. Adedoyin,  G.A.Lameed &M.D. Tijani	74-98

An Analysis of Waste Management Methods Used by Commercial Poultry Farmers in Kogi and Kwara States, Nigeria

Oduwaiye, M.O*, Ogunlade, I, Omotesho, K.F, &  Komolafe, S.E

Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development

University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria

Email: muyiwaoduwaiye@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the waste management methods used by commercial poultry farmers in Kogi and Kwara States, Nigeria. The aim of the study is to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, examine the pattern of waste generated by poultry farms in the study area, identify the methods of waste disposal practiced by poultry farmers, describe the waste treatment methods employed by poultry farmers and identify the constraints faced by poultry farmers in waste management. A well-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from randomly selected 138 and 125 registered commercial poultry farmers from both states. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data for the study. Results of the analysis show that mean age of the respondents was 46.7 years, farm size was 991birds and poultry farming experience was 11.24 years. Also, majority of the respondents were male (82.0 %), married (88.8%), had tertiary education (94.0%). The mean age of farm was 9.24 years. The most prevalent waste management methods used by poultry farmers were open dumping around the farm (mean=2.23); giving wastes free to the public as farmyard manure (mean=2.16); dumping wastes in nearby bushes (mean=2.09); burying dead birds in pit near the farm (mean=2.08), and throwing dead birds into nearby bush (mean=2.01) and burning dead birds in pit or heap near the farm (mean=2.01). Burning technique was the most (mean=1.91) popular method of treating wastes against odour and flies by the respondents. The major constraints faced by farmers in waste management practices were: lack of awareness on how to use the wastes productively (mean-4.06); No agricultural land nearby where the wastes can be used (mean=3.69); Excessive odour from waste (mean=3.66); High cost of chemical treatment (mean=3.56); High transportation cost (mean=3.24) and High cost of private waste management agencies (mean=3.01). Result of Multiple Regression Analysis shows that educational status (β=-0.156), main occupation (β=-0.199), farming experience (β=0.258), farm size (β=0.152), management type (β= -0.239), labour type (β= -0.187)

Haematological Responses of Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles Exposed To Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Glyphader 480® Herbicide

Yongu, J.T. Cheikyula, J.O. & Annune, P.A.

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to determine the haematological responses of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus exposed to different sub-lethal concentrations of Glyphader 480 herbicide during a period of 8 weeks. The toxicant led to significant (P<0.05) changes in haematological parameters as the toxicant concentration increased. Haemoglobin content (Hb), Mean Red Blood Cells (RBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemotocrit (HCT) reduced as the concentration of toxicant increased while other parameters (WBC, MCV, MCH, PLT and MCHC) increased proportional with the toxicant concentration. Replacement of Glyphader 480 with less harmful and more biodegradable herbicides is recommended.

Profitability Analysis of Cassava Production in Three Local Government Areas of Taraba State, Nigeria

Zakari, H.U., Abubakar, R.U., Lawan, U.A., Bello, U.D., and Mohammed, U.S

Department of Agricultural Extension and Management,

College of Agriculture, P.M.B 1025 Jalingo Taraba State, Nigeria

Email: zakarihu@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The profitability analysis of cassava production in three local government areas of Taraba State was investigated to identify the economics of cassava production in three local government areas of Taraba State. The specific objective was to examine the production function, gross margin, total return in different farm sizes. Contributions of primary and secondary data were used for the investigation. Simple descriptive statistics, production analysis and farm budget techniques were used for the analysis. The results showed that the average cost of production was N36,864.48 per hectare, while the gross return per hectare was N1,652,677.2. Therefore, the gross margin per hectare was N1,615,812.72. Further analysis showed that for every naira invested in cassava production, N2.48 was realized as profit. Also, a test of hypothesis on profitability showed that cassava production was profitable in the study area, it was concluded that cassava production in the study area is economical. Also, it is recommended that the government should encourage the production of cassava in the area of the study.

Keyword: Profitability Analysis, Cost of Production, Gross Margin, Cassava Production

Evaluation of Antinutrients, Minerals and Mineral Bioavailability of Water Yam Based Ojojo Supplemented with Bambara Groundnut

Okache, T.A., Agomuo, J.K. & Taiwo, M.

Department of Food Sciences

Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina State

ABSTRACT

In this study, ojojo a water yam based food was prepared, with supplementation of bamabra groundnut in the ratios of (100:0), (90:10), (80:20) and (70:30). These products were analyzed for minerals content, phytochemicals/antinutrient composition and mineral bioavailability. Results showed that, the Mineral content increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) with increase in the proportion of bambara groundnut in the product. Iron increased from 25.06 to 35.93mg/100g, magnesium from 41.15 to 43.10mg/100g, zinc from 6.80 to 7.45mg/100g, potassium from 1000 to 1100mg/100g and phosphorus from 19.50 to 58.59mg/100g. On the other hand there were significantly (P≤ 0.05) decrease in calcium from 52.12 to 48.35mg/100g and sodium from 450 to 200mg/100g. Mineral molar ratios of Na/K, Na/Mg, Ca/P and Ca/Mg decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05) while Ca/K remained constant with increase in levels of bambara groundnut supplementation. Phytochemical/antinutrient compositions of ojojo samples decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05) with increase in the level of bambara groundnut supplementation from 0-30%. Phytate decreased from 15 to 9mg/100g, saponin from 7.54 to 6.45mg/100g, flavonoid from 9.79 to 9.66mg/100g and alkaloid from 3.07 to 2.07mg/100g. On the other hand tannins increased from 3.50 to 10.00mg/100g. The phytate: mineral molar ratios for calcium, zinc, iron, and calcium/zinc decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05) with increase in the level of bambara groundnut supplementation. The study therefore suggests that supplementation of water yam based ojojo with bambara groundnut improves the mineral content, reduce antinutrient composition and improves the bioavailability of minerals.

Key words: Antinutrients, Bambara groundnut, bioavailability, minerals, ojojo, supplementation, water yam.

Assessment of Reproductive Performances and Feed Responses of African Giant Land Snail (Archachatina marginata) using Varied Percentages of Crude Protein

¹S.O. Adedoyin, ²G.A.Lameed &²M.D. Tijani

¹Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Benin, Nigeria

²Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Email: adedoyin.so.mnim@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This work aims at assessing the reproductive performances and feed responses of Archachatina marginata using varied percentages of crude protein. The research was carried out in four partitioned units of a rectangular cage of dimension 1.57m by 1.22m by 0.57m. The experiment was carried out in four units (treatments), ten snails were randomly selected for each treatment and stocked accordingly. The snails were fed for eight (8) weeks. Feed intake of the snails, eggs laid per week, the number that hatched, the time it took to hatch and the survived ones were recorded. Four compounded feed types were used with varied crude protein compositions which were 17%, 20%, 23% and 26% for treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. The snails were fed two times daily. They were given fruits and vegetables in the morning (07:30am) and compounded feeds in the evening (05:30pm). The feed was made available to the animals within the range of 1 and 3% of their body weights. Left over collected was sun-dried and weighed. Weight of the snails, feed intake, egg diameter, egg length, egg weight and weight of the hatchlings were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis were carried out in a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD). Results showed that highest number of eggs was recorded in T3 (19), followed by T1 (8). The average incubation period for the eggs was 25.75 days.Percentage hatchability of the eggs was 57.1% and 44.4% for T1 and T3 respectively and the average weight of the hatchling at day old was 2.38g.The hatchlings began to take food after seven (7) days of hatching. One mortality was recorded throughout the period of the study and this was in T1. The highest feed-intake of the snails was found in T4 (3.336kg), while T2 recorded the least feed-intake. The mean for average feed intake for treatment 4 was the highest (T4= 8.3404±2.30857), followed by those of treatments 1 (T1= 2.1445±1.30551), 3 (T3= 1.9076±1.19973) and 2 (T2= 1.3528±0.75013). Analysis of variance of feed-intake is significant .000* (3 df, P<0.05). Duncan average feed intake per treatment per day indicated that treatments 1 and 3 have close values for average feed intake per