CONTENTS

Partial Least Squares (Pls-Sem): A Note for Beginners

Mohammed Lawal Yahaya; Zainab Ango Murtala2 & Henry. N. Onukwu……………….. 1

Factors Influencing the Quality of Road Construction in Jos Metropolis

I.M. Oyemogum   M.S. Buba   & E.A^. Rugu……………………………….……………………..31

Suitability of Maize Cob Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Sandcrete Blocks

Anowai, S. I.; Ishaya, A. A.; Zakka, P. W.; Yahaya, A. M. & Oyelade, O.M.…………25

An Industrialized Building System Approach to Housing Development in Nigeria

Adeagbo, Dorcas Omolola and Anigbogu Natalia, A…………………………………….31

The Structural Control of Barite Mineralization in Gombe Inlier within Gongola Basin Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria   

Mohammed Rabiu, Ahmed Isah Haruna & Buhari Salihu.……………………………………42

The Scenario of Tourism Planning and Promotion in Osun State, Nigeria

Sati j. Shwarka & Lebana M. Daspan ……………………………………………………..57

Gaps in Solid Waste Management in Elele Community

Favour Chukumela Woko……….………………………………………………………….70

Comparative Analysis of the Quality of Rainwater Harvested From Rural and Urban Communities in Ughelli North Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria

Origho Thaddeus………………………………………………………………………………………..82

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF RAINWATER HARVESTED FROM RURAL AND URBAN COMMUNITIES IN UGHELLI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

Origho Thaddeus

Department of Geography

College of Education, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria

E-mail: thaddeusorigho@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study compares the quality of harvested rainwater from urban and rural areas of Ughelli North Local Government Area of Domestic purposes in order to safeguard human health. It is an empirical study of harvested rainwater from the zinc catchment roof in the area. Laboratory analysis of water samples collected were analysed for physic-chemical characteristics in line with WHO (2010) drinking quality standard. The results showed that variation exists in the harvested rainwater from the rural and urban areas. However, most of the parameters examined showed satisfactory concentration; hence the rainwater can be harvested and used for domestic purposes with little purification to eliminate the excess pH, lead, zinc and iron found in it. The study recommends that harvested rainwater should be allowed to settle down for some minutes before use to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and impurities.

Keywords: Comparative analysis, water quality, rural, urban, harvested

GAPS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ELELE COMMUNITY

Favour Chukumela, Woko

Department of Integrated Science

Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Email favourchukumalewoko@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Elele community has experienced unprecedented increase in its population due to several reasons. Returnees from neighbouring communities that has problems, influx of internally displaced people due to insecurity in some parts of the Local Government and within and influx of expertise seeking jobs in the city are few of the many reasons which contributed to the increase in the population. This increase in population has result to increase in the volume of solid wastes generated. Due to changing lifestyles and consumption patterns, the quantity of waste generated has increased with quality and composition of waste becoming more varied and changing. The Local Government Sanitation Authority is the only public institution mandated to handle, among other things, solid waste management in the community. It is the department that is fully responsible for administering and financing the solid waste management. However, the department is challenged with lack of treatment and disposal facilities, limited and unsustainable funding, inadequate technical capacity and lack of policy, laws and plans for solid waste management. Despite all these limitations, the department of environment and sanitation is striving to ensure that the community is kept clean and environmentally friendly. The main issues in the management of the generated solid wastes is the lack of plan, limited and unsustainable funding and lack of the legal mandate to recruit technical staff.  This paper seeks to identify the gaps in the management of solid waste in Elele community and find out the challenges the Sanitation Authority is facing therein. It also focused on the administrative, financial and the technical aspects of solid waste.

Keywords: Environment, environmental sanitation, solid waste management, solid waste,

THE SCENARIO OF TOURISM PLANNING AND PROMOTION IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

¹Sati j. Shwarka & Lebana m. Daspan                             

¹Department of Architecture, Kaduna Polytechnic

²Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kaduna Polytechnic

Email: imdkopal@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

There are as many tourism potentials as one can imagine in life. To Osun state, it is made up of diverse cultural opportunities that helps enhance tourism practice in the state. The numerous and rich culture has placed Osun and Osogbo at tourism haven of the urban set-up. This has qualified the notion put forward by Sanusi, (2002) who portrayed that cities are not just center for production and consumption but resident of culture. Tourism indeed is capable of creating employment, environmental conservation as well as social enhancement. This paper examines the diverse opportunities in tourism planning and promotion that are worth emulation. It   has economic, social, cultural and psychological value on people. A visit was made to the site to gather information which was obtained through observation and recording of facts as well as utilizing the online web. A key informant is also utilized in this aspect of the research for quality information. Witnessing one of the events of the year was an interesting experience that memory can tell. It has been recommended that there is need for adequate funding and inter-sectoral linkage to enhance the economic status and improving the standard of living of the people.

Key Words: Tourism, planning, Development, and promotion and inter-sectoral linkage

THE STRUCTURAL CONTROL OF BARITE MINERALIZATION IN GOMBE INLIER WITHIN GONGOLA BASIN UPPER BENUE TROUGH, NIGERIA

Mohammed Rabiu¹, Ahmed Isah Haruna² & Buhari Salihu³.

¹Department of Geology, Gombe state University, P.M.B.127 Gombe, Gombe State Nigeria

^2&3Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa-Balewa University, P.M.B.0248 Bauchi, Nigeria

Email: marrah201354@gmail.com; Corresponding Author: Mohammed Rabiu

ABSTRACT         

Structural elements have important role in the Barite mineralization and exhumation of ore bearing host rocks.  Field investigation has shown that the development of Barite veins have close Relationship with the fractures orientation and distributions in the study area. The accommodation of Barite veins and their trends were finally established and compared with the trending directions of the major deformational structures in the area. Field observation, micro and Macro structural analyses were also used to distinguish between the mechanisms of fracture development in the area. The fractures served as permeable zones for hydrothermal fluid circulation and play a critical role in Barite Mineralization in the area. The Gombe inlier where Barite mineralization occurred within Gongola Basin can be considered as a geological epitome of the basin as it clearly displays general stratigraphic and structural styles within a relatively small, easily accessible area. The structural  plots has indicate the  presence of two type of trend of veins (the NE-SW and the ENE-WSW  trend) that are Structurally controlled conforming with the direction of the two major deformational Structures that affect the area (NE-SW trending Gombe fault and N-S trending Wuro-Ladde-Wuro Dole fault that truncate Liji hill at the Northeastern part forming ENE-WSW trend).

Key: Structure, Deformation, Mineralization and Control,                         

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE QUALITY OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN JOS METROPOLIS

I.M. Oyemogum¹;  Adeagbo D.O.² ; M.S. Buba³ &E.A^. Rugu⁴

^{1, 2&3}Department of Building, University of Jos                                

⁴Department of Quantity Surveying, University of Jos

Email: egooye@yahoo.co.uk, malsonsam@gmail.com, ruguezekiel@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The state of Nigeria roads is deplorable despite the huge amount of resources allocated to build roads annually. This research studied what influences the quality of road construction in Plateaus State, Nigeria with a view to help stem the high incidences of road failures. Primary information used in this research were sourced from a survey of one hundred (105) project professionals, each possessing a minimum of 3 years of experience. Structured questionnaires based on the Likert-5-Point Scale of Responses were used to capture their opinions on the factors that influence quality of road construction, while secondary information were sourced from a review of literature. Results were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools based on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 16.0). The five most critical factors identified in this research are asphalt mix, thickness of base, quality of materials on site, thickness of wearing course, skill and experience of site staff. The measures to reduce failure of roads identified in the research are use of quality materials, use of experienced staff, adherence to design drawings and specification among others. The research concludes that the use of quality materials and adequate site supervision accordance with the specification will lead to achieving quality performance of roads. The study recommended contractors competence to be checked before awarding contracts. The study also recommended that designs should be made for each road rather than specifying thicknesses for various layers.

PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES (PLS-SEM): A NOTE FOR BEGINNERS

¹Mohammed Lawal Yahaya; Zainab Ango Murtala² & Henry. N. Onukwube³

¹Department of Physical Planning and Development, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto

²Department of Works and Services, Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Kware, Sokoto

³Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos

Email: mohammedlawalyahaya@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Smart PLS is among the leading software applications for Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). It has been developed by Ringle, Wende & Will (2005). Since its launch in 2005, the software has gained popularity not only because it is freely available to academics and researchers, but also because it has a user-friendly interface, advanced reporting features and choose formative or reflective models. Although a large number of journal articles on the subject of PLS modeling have been published, the number of instruction materials available for this software is limited especially within the context of environmental studies. This paper is written to resolve this knowledge gap and to help beginners in various field of study to understand how PLS-SEM can be used in construction economics and management research. A step-by- step method was demonstrated for the measurement and structural model evaluation stating the main points in reporting each model. We believe that construction industry scholars would recognize and embraced the use of the statistical methods at their disposal to explore and better understand the phenomena they are researching compared to the first generation tool of analysis employed earlier.

Keywords: Bootstrapping; Formative; Measurement Model; Path coefficient; Reflective; Smart  PLS; Structural Model.