CONTENTS

Mathematical Models for Monitoring Diabetic Population with Minor and Major Complications

Goni Umar Modu, Muktar Modu & Modu Mohammed…………………………………1

Geology, Occurrences and Industrial Applicability of Barite Deposit in Gombe Inlier within Gongola Basin Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria

Mohammed Rabiu; Ahmed Isah Haruna & Sa’id Abdulkarim……………………………13

Comparative Study on the risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Content in the Roasted muscle of Free-lance and Broilers Chicken in Akwa Ibom State Nigeria

Jonah, A. E. & Essien, K. E………………………………………………………………..29

Quantitative Evaluation of Organochlorine Pollutants in Cabbage Plant Cultivated Along River Getsi, Kano State

A. E. Ekevwe; A. A. Nuhu; Z. I. Yashim & E. D. Paul…………………………………37

Sensitivity of some Stationary Iterative Methods to Tolerance Parameter

A. A. Ibrahimand R. O. Osinowo…………………………………………………………43

Development and Implementation of a Solar Powered Steam Turbine Model

Emmanuel Ighodalo Okhueleigbe & Joseph Ailenokhuoria Ogbekhiulu………………..54

Climate Change in Africa: Challenges for the 21^ST Century

Origho, Thaddeus……………………………………………………………………………62

ACCOUNTABILITY IN NIGERIA’S DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

¹Abdulrahman Adamu & ²Salisu Ogbo Usman

¹Department of Political Science, Federal University Gusau, Nigeria

²Department of Political Science, Kogi State University Anyigba, Nigeria

Email: abduladamu6@gmail.com, usmansalisuogbo09@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper looks at the issues and challenges facing Nigeria’s democratic governance with focus on accountability which has been regarded as the alpha and omega in a democratic setting. This is because any government that lacks accountability lacks everything as accountability provides opportunity for checks and balances between and amongst the various democratic institutions. This paper argues that there is absence of accountability in almost all the institutions of democracy in Nigeria which had led to the high rate of corruption witnessed in the country in recent time. The paper concludes that until Nigerian public officials see accountability to the citizens as an important factor in the governance of the nation, Nigeria will continue to remain underdeveloped economically, politically and will find it difficult to achieve the goal of providing dividends of democracy to the people. Theoretically, the approach taken in this research is to recognize the political institutions as organs through which political activities are carried out on behalf of the people. The approach also focused on how the relationship between citizens and these institutions provide a principal-agent related result. Methodologically, this paper adopts qualitative method through the use of secondary source of data for its analysis.

Keywords: Challenges, Democracy, Institutions, Governance, Accountability

NEW MEDIA AND ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA’S FOURTH REPUBLIC

Fadeyi,  Taofiq James & Abdulrahman Adamu

Department of Political Science

Federal University Gusau, Nigeria

Email: fiqfad6@gmail.com  & abduladamu6@gmail.com

 ABSTRACT

The rising profile of the use of internet across the globe in the 21^st century has made many to be aware of the global development towards the new media. This upsurge without doubt, has become potent instrument for deepening democratic values and processes in terms of information dissemination, evaluation and monitoring of electioneering processes in Africa in particular and the world at large. This paper therefore, explores the extent of improvement in the conduct of elections in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic essentially the 2015 and 2019 with the emergence of new media as the primary means by which people create a public sphere where they communicate and form public opinion. The paper reveals that the new media triggered a revival of the watchdog function of the media and paved the way for it to act as a Fourth Estate in monitoring electioneering processes. It reveals further that the various networking platforms of the new media had created a multiple forumwhere live discussions/debates take place on many issues still considered off limits to traditional media. The study relies on secondary sources of data through the use of websites (online) news portals.

Keywords: New Media, Elections, Democracy, Fourth Republic

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL WELL BEING: A STUDY OF CAPTAIN ELECHI AMADI POLYTECHNIC, RUMUOLA

Asita Masikirikwe P., Fynn Inedubo, & Nweke, Emmanuel Onyekachi

Department of Educational Management

Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Email: masikirikwe@gmail.com; emy1242000@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study examined effective communication and organizational well-being: a study of Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola Port Harcourt. The instrument used in carrying out the study was questionnaire.  A total of 610 populations consisting of teaching and non-teaching staff of Capt. Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, Port Harcourt.  A sample of 200 was arrived at, using Taro Yamen Sampling Technique. Out of 200 copies of the questionnaire distributed to 180 were duly completed and returned. Three research questions and three hypotheses were raised upon which 15 correlational questionnaire items were generated in the research questionnaire to obtain responses from the respondents. The statistical of mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions, while chi-square was used to test the hypotheses. The instrument was validated by a senior lecturer in the department of Educational Management, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education. The reliability of the instrument was tested using SPSS version 23 at .75 which indicates that the instrument measured what it was expected to measure. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between effective communication and organizational wellbeing. The study recommended that the institution should embark on effective communication across the hierarchy of its staff to achieve organizational well-being.

Key Words: Effective Communication, Organizational well-being, Tertiary Institution, Staff, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic

THE IMPLICATIONS OF YOUTHS SUBSTANCE ABUSE ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MBAYION RURAL COMMUNITY IN GBOKO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE NIGERIA

Nguveren Kyernum

Department of Sociology

University of Mkar, Mkar, Benue State, Nigeria

Email: nguverenkyernum@gmail.com

ABSTRACT 

 Abuse of substances has become very common among Nigerians especially the youths, with the rural youths not been spared. This study examines the implications of youth’s substance abuse on the socio-economic development of rural Mbayion Community. The objectives pursued includes: identification of the most commonly abused substances in the study area, reasons for engaging into the habit, problems associated with substance abuse in Mbayion community, the social and economic implications of youths substance abuse on the development of the study area. The population of the study was the youths into substance abuse and all adult members of Mbayion community, from where stratified purposive sampling was used to select a sample of 175 respondents for study. Anchoring the research on the social learning theory, qualitative research design was applied, using structured and in-depth interview to collect data from 50 adults and 125 youths in substance abuse. Data were analysed through qualitative interpretive analysis, simple percentages and tables. Findings revealed that, marijuana and Alcohol (ogogolo), were the most commonly abused substances in the study area by youths of 13years and above, while smoking of Grey hair was discovered as a new substance used by some youths within the study area. Reasons for engaging into abuse of substances includes, peer influence, family problems, extra energy among others. Problems associated with this menace include, stealing, violence, gang formation, impaired performance among others. The socio-economic implications of these on rural community of Mbayion includes, complete takeover of the community by hoodlums, low, agricultural production and food scarcity,  poverty and rural insecurity. It is the position of the paper that, youths substance abuse has negative implications on the socio-economic development of Mbayion  It was recommended among other things that, parental training be encouraged, rehabilitation facilities be made available in the rural areas and serious community policing be ensured to curb substance abuse in the rural areas giving room for rural   development and by extension, national development.

Key Words:  Substance Abuse, Youths, Rural Community.

AN EXPOSITION OF THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONFLICT IN NIGERIA

Innocent Benjamin Namo & Nuaimu Danbala Ibrahim

Department of Political Science

Federal University Wukari, Taraba State

Email: beninam30@gmail.com; ndanbala223@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Nigeria is blessed with human and natural resources, particularly oil and gas reserves. It is also blessed with a large expanse of arable agricultural land. The cause of many gridlocks distressing the stability and development of the country are tied to these resources.  Although these resources are needed for foreign exchange, they have become sources of corruption, conflict, environmental degradation affecting livelihoods of its inhabitants and its ability to deliver on its potentials as a nation. A number of reasons have been adduced for the way things are in the country including its colonial legacy, intrigue from the international community, socio-cultural as well as political factors. Political economic approach is used in explaining how these factors contribute in leaving Nigeria tottering constantly on conflict and on the edge of fracturing. This paper uses qualitative-descriptive technique to examine the root causes of natural resource conflicts in Nigeria tracing its origin to contact with western capitalism and colonialism. Findings show that a combination of economic, political and social factors, often accompanied by parochial interests of corrupt elites contribute in limiting or diminishing opportunities. The paper concludes that Nigeria must rise above its political economic problems to make a positive lasting impact and recommends that good accountable democratic governance is necessary to move the country towards positive development outcomes.            

Keywords: Political economy, Natural Resources, Conflict, Corruption, Development.

FEDERALISM AND THE CHALLENGE OF NATION BUILDING IN NIGERIA

Emmanuel A. Onwioduokit & Ubong E. Effiong

Department of Economics

University of Uyo, Uyo

Email: ubongeffiong3@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Federalism brings diverse ethnic, religious, cultural, linguistic, and regional groups under one umbrella. Nigeria’s federalism is characterized by inter-ethnic rivalry and religious intolerance, unfair distribution of income, the question of minorities and state creation as well as the question of division. These factors have posed serious threats on the nation’s federalism as it conflicts unity in diversity. Issues such as the challenge of history, arbitrary military intervention in governance, the challenge of socio-economic inequality, the minority question, etc. are identified as the challenges facing nation-building in Nigeria. The paper recommends  fostering factual federalism in the area of revenue sharing and derivation principle, and resource control so as to alleviate the fears of the minority, strengthening federal character principle, setting up strong institutions that ensure the development of the various part of the country as well as the need on the part of leadership to showcase policies of good governance that will bring about a fundamental re-definition and re-structuring of the Nigerian federal structure to accommodate the many proclivities of her diverse constituting interests.

Keywords: Federalism, Nation-building, Federal Character, Leadership, Nigeria