Survey and Control of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Using Plant Extracts and Tamarind Ash in Girei, Local Government Area, Adamawa State
Puma, S.H1; Matai, E.P2; Channya K. F3 & Indapful , H.A4
1Gombe State Teachers Service Commission, Ministry of Education, Gombe State
2Department of Horticultural Technology, Federal College of HorticultureDadin Kowa, Gombe State
3Department of Plant Science, Modibo Adama University of TechnologyYola Adamawa State
4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi Adamawa State
ABSTRACT
A survey was conducted to find and control Fusarium wilt of tomato at Labundo, Gyariyo and Battare all located in Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The treatments combinations consisted of three levels each of jatropha leaf extracts, neem leaf extracts and tamarind ash assigned in s Completely Randomized Design (CRD), replicated four times. Data collected was analysed using Statistical tool for Applied Sciences (SAS) and means that were significantly different were separated using the Least Significant Difference (LSD). Surveyed result of naturally infected tomato plant identified Fusarium oxysporum in all the surveyed locations as the wilt pathogen. The highest percentage incidence of tomato wilt was recorded in Gyariyo with 85.07% followed by Labundo with 26.69% and Battare with 26.06%. The result also showed significant difference (P<0.05) with respect to disease severity. Gyariyo had the highest severity of 88 %, Labundo 36 % and Battare having the least severity of 34 %. Results of in-vitro control trials indicated that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) among the treatments with respect to the control of the Fusarium oxysporum. Jatropha leaf extracts produced the inhibition zone of 37.50%; neem gave 32.53% while ash had 24.86% inhibition. Concentration levels of 2.0 ml, 1.5 ml, and 1.0ml/20 ml of PDA were also significantly different, with increased efficacy as concentration of treatment increases. For in-vivo trial, the treatments were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control, reducing the disease of tomato seedlings. Concentration of 3.0 ml/kg, 5.0 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg were also significantly different at P < 0.05, with increased efficacy as concentration of treatment increases but no significant different between 5.0 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg. From the in-vitro findings and screen house study, jatropha leaf extracts gave the best control of the pathogen and produced the highest seedling growth followed by neem leaf extracts and ash whereas increase in concentration increases the control of the pathogen, therefore farmers are advised to use jatropha leaf extracts at 5.0ml/kg.
Keywords: Fusarium wilt, jatropha, neem, ash, extract, concentration, in-vivo and in-vitro.
